Module 1
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| Stressors can include: | Anything in the environment (people, experiences, inanimate objects)
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| True or false: Patient experience bodily stress response immediately. | True
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| Cognitive abilities are ________ if the stress response is significant for that patient. | suppressed
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| What does FAS stand for? |
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| What are five common body language signs that a cat is relaxed? | Eyes: normal pupils. Ears: Forward. Spine/Posture: Rear of cat higher than shoulders; back flat. Tail: Straight up, inverted U at tip, soft curve below topline, gentle back and forth movement. Mouth: Closed.
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| What are five common body language signs that a cat is stressed? | Eyes: Large, round pupils. Ears: Out to the side, back against the head. Spine/Posture: Body crouched, legs tucked under body. Tail: Curled around body or tucked, forceful movement, thumping. Mouth: Open, panting, hissing, growling, spitting.
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| What are five common body language signs that a dog is relaxed? | Face: Soft, loose mouth. Eyes: Almond shape, normal pupils, soft eye. Ears: Soft, loose, forward or midway on heads. Spine/Posture: Flexible neck to tail. Tail: Level with topline, slightly above or below, wagging. Mouth: Mouth open, lips-long, soft.
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| What are five common body language signs that a dog is stressed? | Face: Skin taut, wrinkled brow, lips pulled back. Dilated pupils, hard eye. Ears: Far forward, out to the side, flat against head. Spine/Posture: Rigid. Tail: High above topline, tucked, wagging. Mouth closed, lips-short, tense, snarl, lip lift, bite.
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| Name three categories that signs of FAS in cats fall under: | Physiologic, Body position. Vocalization
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| FAS Signs in Cats Physiologic | Panting (tachypnea), pacing, dilated pupils, increased heart rate (tachycardia)
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| FAS Signs in Cats Body position | Attempts to escape or hide, body low to the ground with limbs and tail tucked underneath body, tense musculature, lack of movement
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| FAS Signs in Cats Vocalization | Growling, crying, hissing
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| What four stages denote FAS? | Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fidget
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| Name three signs of FAS in Dogs: | Physiologic, Body position, Vocalization.
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| Signs of FAS in Dogs Physiologic | Panting (tachypnea), pacing, scanning (hypervigilance), dilated pupils, increased heart rate (tachycardia).
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| Signs of FAS in Dogs Body Position | Attempts to escape or hide, mouthing, low or the ground, upright, tense musculature, lack of movement.
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| Signs of FAS in Dogs Vocalization | Barking, whining, growling, crying.
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| Body language signs should be interpreted with consideration of: | The situation, other body language, signs exhibited by the pet, normal body language for that breed and species.
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| Some patients, especially cats, are ________ when stressed. (flight, fight, freeze, or fidget) | immobile
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| What is positive reinforcement? How does it affect behavior? | The addition of something pleasant to the situation to increase the frequency of a desired behavior. Changes the underlying emotion.
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| What is positive punishment? How does it affect behavior? | The addition of something aversive to the situation to decrease the behavior in the future.
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| What is negative reinforcement? How does it affect behavior? |
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| What is negative reinforcement? How does it affect behavior? |
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| Identify at least three reinforcers that can be used in a veterinary setting. |
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| What should positive punishment be avoided? | It damages the human-animal bond and can increase FAS and/or aggression. May inhibit outward warning signs of aggression, but does not change the motivation or the underlying emotion of FAS. Can result in a dog that is more dangerous.
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| If a behavior is reinforced, the frequency of that behavior will increase in the future. True or false? | True
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| Examples of positive reinforcement: | Offering a food treat, praise, petting, or a favorite toy.
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| Define classical conditioning: | Associate of stimulus, often neutral, with a conditioned emotional response (CER). CERs are pleasant or unpleasant states which are involuntary and reflexive. Goal: associate pleasant emotions and prevent the association of (FAS) with stimuli.
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| Classical counter-conditioning can change a patient's CER from _________ to __________. | Negative to Positive
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| Define desensitization: | Reducing sensitivity or reactivity to stimuli through gradual controlled exposure.
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| Define counter-conditioning: | The process of changing a negative CER to a positive CER by pairing something positive with the perceived threat.
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| Another name for conditioning? | Conditioning
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| What is operant conditioning? | Learning to associate a voluntary behavioral response with a consequence of that behavior. The consequence (reinforcement or punishment) determines if a behavior will be repeated or not.
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| What is CER? | Conditioned emotional response
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| List some examples of classical conditioning: | Positive CER as a cat learns that a person wearing scrubs is associated with petting or food. Negative CER as a cat learns that a person wearing scrubs is associated with rectal temperature.
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| What is the considerate approach? | Encompasses the interaction between the veterinary team and the patient. Inputs from the environment (patients, physical environment, clients, and veterinary team). The FAS these inputs may create when attempting to administer patient care.
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| When approaching an animal remember these three things: | Approach from the side. Slowly/Deliberately. Avoid direct eye contact.
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| Defines stressor. | Any experience, environment, inanimate or living object which disrupts the body's normal state of functioning
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| Define stress response | Physiological and behavioral responses that attempt to return the body to normal state of functioning
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| List the body systems affected by the stress response | Gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, immune system, skin, respiratory
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| Describe the effects of the stress response on learned behaviors | The stress response is automatically activated in aversive situations, causing many animals to be unable to respond to previously learned commands (cues)
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| list of factors which cause patients stress in the veterinary hospital | Noise, odor, fear pheromones, hunger, pain, unfamiliar people, and pets
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| Describe how patient stress impacts the delivery of quality veterinary care | Limited examination, decreased veterinary visits, slower patient healing times
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| Identify 5 common body language signals that tell you that a cat is relaxed | Almond shaped pupils, ears forward, tail away from body, face soft, body relaxed
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| Identify 5 common body language signals that tell you that a cat is stressed | Large, round pupils, ears to the side, ears back, thumping tail, hissing
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| Identify 5 common body language signals that tell you that a dog is relaxed | Soft mouth, ears forward, body relaxed, mouth open, tail at or just above the topline wagging
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| Identify 5 common body language signals that tell you that a dog is stressed | Tense face, dilated pupils, wrinkled brow, tail tucked, body lowered
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| Explain what positive reinforcement is and how it affects behavior | Positive reinforcement is the addition of something pleasant to the situation to increase the frequency of a desired behavior
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| Explain what positive punishment is and how it affects behavior | Positive punishment is the addition of something aversive or bad to the situation to decrease the behavior in the future
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| Identify at least 3 positive reinforcers that can be used in a veterinary setting: | Food, praise, petting
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| Explain why positive punishment should be avoided in a veterinary setting | Positive punishment damages the human-animal bond, frequently increasing fear, anxiety, and stress as well as aggression
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| Define conditioning | Conditioning is learning which is a relatively permanent change in the behavior of an animal
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| Differentiate between operant and classical conditioning | Operant conditioning involves teaching how one's actions will cause a consequence where as classical conditioning is the association of a stimulus with a conditioned emotional response
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| Explain the goal of classical counter-conditioning | Change a conditioned emotional response (CER) to a perceived stimulus from an unpleasant emotion (fear, anxiety and stress) to a pleasant emotion (happy, relaxed)
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| What is an important aspect of vision for patients (cats and dogs)? | Patients are focused on movement
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| What is an important aspect of hearing for patients (cats and dogs)? | Animals can learn to predict what novel sounds mean when associated with events
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| Choose the best way to eliminate an odor in the environment to prevent a patient from smelling it | Use a product containing enzyme or bacteria odor eliminators
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Created by:
Raevyn1
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