Human Geo chapter 12
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| Agglomeration | a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people/ activities. Often refers to manufacturing plants, and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled labor pools and technological and financial amenities
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| Break of bulk theory | location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. In a port, cargoes of ships are uploaded and put on trains and trucks for inland distributions.
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| Commodification | the process through which something is given monetary value
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| Commodity theory | the scarcer something is, the more desirable it becomes
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| Comparative advantage | the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost then another producer
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| Deindustrialization | a phenomenon characterized by a share of total employment falling dramatically in more developed countries
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| Ecotourism | a form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders that aim to provide an experience of nature or culture in a environmentally sustainable way.
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| Flexible production system | a system of industrial production by a set of processes in which the components of goods are made in different places around the globe and then brought together as needed to meet customers demand.
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| Fordist | highly organized and specialized system or organizing industrial production or labor. Named after automobile producer Henry Ford Fordist production, features assembly line production of standardized components of mass production
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| Friction of distance | increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance
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| Gender empowerment measure (GEM) | compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making
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| Gender inequality Index (GII) | a measure of the extent of each countries gender inequality
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| Global division of labor | phenomenon whereby corporations and others can draw from labor markets around the world
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| Globalization | the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact
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| IMF (International Monetary Fund) | organization which gives loans to poor countries
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| Industrial Revolution | social and economic changes in agriculture commerce and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in late eighteenth- century
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| Intermodal Connections | places where two or more modes of transportation meet (including air, road, rail, barge, ship)
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| Just In Time Delivery | Method of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communications systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near term production
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| Least Cost Theory | Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of the three critical expenses: labor, transportation and agglomeration
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| Newly Industrializing countries (NIC) | states that underwent industrialization after World War II and whose economies have grown at a rapid pace
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| Offshore | with reference to production, to outsource to a third party located outside of the country. Ex Ford motor company’s car parts being made in Mexico
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| outsourced | with reference to production, to turn over a third party located outside of the country. Ex outsource call center service jobs to India
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| Product Life Cycle | the introduction growth, maturation, and decline of product
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| Rust Belt | the post industrial region of the northeast and midwest, referring to its economic decline, population loss, and urban decay due to the shrinking of its once powerful industrial sectors
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| Spatial Fix | the movement of production from one site to another based on the place - based cost advantages of the new site
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| SunBelt | the south and southwest of regions of the U.S where climate is warm
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| Technopole | centers or nodes of high tech research and activity around the high technology corridor
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| Vertical Integration | ownership by the same firm of a number of companies that exist along a variety of points on the commodity chain
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