musculoskeletal system
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| Rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck | bone head
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| large process on the femur for attachment of tendons and muscle | Greater trochanter
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| Rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and mucles. | Tubercle
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| Rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint | Condyle
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| Shallow cavity in or on a bone | Fossa
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| Opening for blood vessels and nerves | Foramen
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| Narrow, deep, slit-like opening | Fissure
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| Hollow, cavity within a bone | Sinus
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| Cranial bone that forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes | Frontal bone
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| Two cranial bones that from the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium | Parietal bone
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| The two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium | Temporal bone
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| Cranial bone that forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture | Occipital bone
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| Cranial bone that is bat-shaped and extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull | Sphenoid bone
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| Thin, delicate cranial bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes | Ethmoid bone
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| Two slender facial bones that support the bridge of the nose | Nasal bones
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| Two small, thin facial bones located at the corner of each eye | Lacrimal bones
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| Two large facial bones that compose the massive upper jawbones | Maxillary bones
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| Lower jawbone | Mandibular bone
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| Two facial bones, one of each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek | Zygomatic bones
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| Thin, single, flat facial bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum | Vomer
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| Air cavities | Sinuses
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| First 7 bones of the vertebral column | Cervical vertibrae (C1 to C7)
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| Second set of 12 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
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| Third set of 5 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
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| Five separate bones that fuse in a young child and a slightly curved, triangular bone in an adult | Sacral vertebrae
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| Tailbone | Coccyx
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| Collar bone | Clavicle
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| Shoulder blade | Scapula
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| Breastbone | Sternum
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| Bones that extend from the sternum | Ribs
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| Upper Arm bone | Humerus
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| Medial lower arm bone | Ulna
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| Lateral lower arm bone | Radius
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| Wrist bones | Carpals
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| The five radiating bones in the fingers | Metacarpals
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| Finger bones | Phalanges
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| Pelvis | Pelvic Girdle
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| Upper most portion of the pelvis | Ilium
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| Posterior portion of the pelvis | ischium
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| Anterior portion of the pelvis | Pubis
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| Thigh bone | Femur
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| Kneecap | Patella
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| Larger of the two bones of the lower leg | Tibia
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| Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg | Fibula
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| Bones of the hind foot | Tarsals
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| Bones of the midfoot | Metatarsals
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| Bones of the forefoot | Phalanges of the toes
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| calc/o, calci/o | calcium
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| kyph/o | humpback, hunchback
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| lamin/o | lamina
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| lord/o | curve, swayback
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| lumb/o | loins, lower back
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| myel/o | bone marrow
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| orth/o | straight
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| oste/o | bone
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| scoli/o | crooked, bent
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| spondyl/o | vertebra
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| vertebr/o | vertebra
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| -blast | embryonic or immature cell
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| -clast | to break
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| -listhesis | slipping
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| -malacia | softening
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| -physis | to grow
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| -porosis | pore, passage
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| -tome | instrument to cut
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| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket)
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| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel)
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| carp/o | carpals (wrist bones)
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| clavicul/o | calvicle (collar bone)
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| cost/o | ribs
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| crani/o | cranium
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| femor/o | femur
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| fibul/o | fibula
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| humer/o | humerus
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| ili/o | ilium
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| ischi/o | ischium
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| malleol/o | mandible
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| maxill/o | maxilla
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| metacarp/o | metacarpals
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| metatars/o | metatarsals
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| olecran/o | olecranon
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| patell/o | patella
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| pelv/i | pelvis
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| perone/o | fibula
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| phalang/o | phalanges
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| pub/o | pubis
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| radi/o | radius
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| scapul/o | scapula
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| stern/o | sternum
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| tars/o | tarsals
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| tibi/o | tibia
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| uln/o | ulna
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| Traumatic breaking of a bone | Fracture
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| Fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius | Colles fracture
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| Bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces | comminuted fracture
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| bone is compressed | compression fracture
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| Bone is partialy broken | greenstick fracture
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| One fragment is driven firmly into the other | Impacted fracture
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| Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone | osteomalacia
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| Decrease in bone density, thinning and weakening of bone | osteoporosis
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| ankyl/o | stiff
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| arthr/o | joint
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| articul/o | joint
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| burs/o | bursa
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| ligament/o | ligament
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| rheumat/o | watery flow
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| synov/o | synovial membrane
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| ten/o | tendon
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| tendin/o | tendon
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| -desis | to bind, tie together
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| Inflammation and painful swelling of joints causes by excessive uric acid in the body | Gouty arthritis
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| Progressive, degenerative, joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone | osteoarthritis (OA)
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| Chronis disease in which joints become inflamed and painful | rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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| Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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| A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist | Ganglion
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| Trauma to a join with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments | Sprain
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| A less serious injury involving the overstretching of mucle | Strain
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| Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs | systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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| fasci/o | fascia
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| fibr/o | fibrous
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| leiomy/o | smooth muscle that lines the walls of the internal organs
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| my/o | muscle
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| myocardi/o | heart muscle
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| myos/o | muscle
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| plant/o | sole of the foot
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| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle connected to bones
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| -asthenia | lack of strength
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| -trophy | development, nourishment
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| ab- | away from
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| ad- | toward
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| dorsi- | back
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| poly- | many, much
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| CK | creatine kinase
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| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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| IM | intramuscular
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| ROM | range of motion
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| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus
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| EMG | electromyography
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| Connective tissue bones are composed of | Osseous tissue
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| Elements of Osseous tissue | Osteocytes (bone cells), Collagen (dense connective tissue strands), Calcium salts
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| What are bones made of during fetal development | catilaginous tissue
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| Immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification | Osteoblasts
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| Large cells that digest bone tissue from the inner sides of bones and enlarge the thinner bone cavity so bones do not become overly thick and heavy | Osteoclasts
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| Minerals that bones depend on for formation | Calcium and Phosphorus
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| Vitamin needed for bone formation | Vitamin D
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| How many bones are there in the human body? | 206
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| Strong bones with broad end and large surface for muscle attachment | Long Bones
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| Bone type that is found in the wrist and ankle | Short Bones
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| Bones that are found covering soft body parts | Flat Bones
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| Small, rounded bones resembling a sesame seed in shape | Seamoid Bones
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| Shaft or middle region of a long bone | Diaphysis
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| Each end of a long bone | Epiphysis
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| Flared portion of the bone | Metaphysis
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| Strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones, except the ends of the epiphysis | periosteum
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| Covering of the ends of long bones | articular cartilage
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| Layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the perioteum in all bone and liefs chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones | Compact bone
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| Canals within the compact bone that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide | haversian canals
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| Hollow inside of long bones | medullary cavity
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| Fat cells within the medullary cavity | yellow bone marrow
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| porous, less dense bone | Spongy (Cancellous) bone
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| Substance contained in the spaces within spongy bone | Red bone marrow
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