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musculoskeletal sy
musculoskeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck | bone head |
| large process on the femur for attachment of tendons and muscle | Greater trochanter |
| Rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and mucles. | Tubercle |
| Rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint | Condyle |
| Shallow cavity in or on a bone | Fossa |
| Opening for blood vessels and nerves | Foramen |
| Narrow, deep, slit-like opening | Fissure |
| Hollow, cavity within a bone | Sinus |
| Cranial bone that forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes | Frontal bone |
| Two cranial bones that from the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium | Parietal bone |
| The two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium | Temporal bone |
| Cranial bone that forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture | Occipital bone |
| Cranial bone that is bat-shaped and extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull | Sphenoid bone |
| Thin, delicate cranial bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes | Ethmoid bone |
| Two slender facial bones that support the bridge of the nose | Nasal bones |
| Two small, thin facial bones located at the corner of each eye | Lacrimal bones |
| Two large facial bones that compose the massive upper jawbones | Maxillary bones |
| Lower jawbone | Mandibular bone |
| Two facial bones, one of each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek | Zygomatic bones |
| Thin, single, flat facial bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum | Vomer |
| Air cavities | Sinuses |
| First 7 bones of the vertebral column | Cervical vertibrae (C1 to C7) |
| Second set of 12 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) |
| Third set of 5 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) |
| Five separate bones that fuse in a young child and a slightly curved, triangular bone in an adult | Sacral vertebrae |
| Tailbone | Coccyx |
| Collar bone | Clavicle |
| Shoulder blade | Scapula |
| Breastbone | Sternum |
| Bones that extend from the sternum | Ribs |
| Upper Arm bone | Humerus |
| Medial lower arm bone | Ulna |
| Lateral lower arm bone | Radius |
| Wrist bones | Carpals |
| The five radiating bones in the fingers | Metacarpals |
| Finger bones | Phalanges |
| Pelvis | Pelvic Girdle |
| Upper most portion of the pelvis | Ilium |
| Posterior portion of the pelvis | ischium |
| Anterior portion of the pelvis | Pubis |
| Thigh bone | Femur |
| Kneecap | Patella |
| Larger of the two bones of the lower leg | Tibia |
| Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg | Fibula |
| Bones of the hind foot | Tarsals |
| Bones of the midfoot | Metatarsals |
| Bones of the forefoot | Phalanges of the toes |
| calc/o, calci/o | calcium |
| kyph/o | humpback, hunchback |
| lamin/o | lamina |
| lord/o | curve, swayback |
| lumb/o | loins, lower back |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| -blast | embryonic or immature cell |
| -clast | to break |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -malacia | softening |
| -physis | to grow |
| -porosis | pore, passage |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel) |
| carp/o | carpals (wrist bones) |
| clavicul/o | calvicle (collar bone) |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| humer/o | humerus |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| malleol/o | mandible |
| maxill/o | maxilla |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals |
| metatars/o | metatarsals |
| olecran/o | olecranon |
| patell/o | patella |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| perone/o | fibula |
| phalang/o | phalanges |
| pub/o | pubis |
| radi/o | radius |
| scapul/o | scapula |
| stern/o | sternum |
| tars/o | tarsals |
| tibi/o | tibia |
| uln/o | ulna |
| Traumatic breaking of a bone | Fracture |
| Fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius | Colles fracture |
| Bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces | comminuted fracture |
| bone is compressed | compression fracture |
| Bone is partialy broken | greenstick fracture |
| One fragment is driven firmly into the other | Impacted fracture |
| Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone | osteomalacia |
| Decrease in bone density, thinning and weakening of bone | osteoporosis |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| rheumat/o | watery flow |
| synov/o | synovial membrane |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| -desis | to bind, tie together |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| Inflammation and painful swelling of joints causes by excessive uric acid in the body | Gouty arthritis |
| Progressive, degenerative, joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone | osteoarthritis (OA) |
| Chronis disease in which joints become inflamed and painful | rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
| Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) |
| A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist | Ganglion |
| Trauma to a join with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments | Sprain |
| A less serious injury involving the overstretching of mucle | Strain |
| Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs | systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| fibr/o | fibrous |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle that lines the walls of the internal organs |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of the foot |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle connected to bones |
| -asthenia | lack of strength |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| dorsi- | back |
| poly- | many, much |
| CK | creatine kinase |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| IM | intramuscular |
| ROM | range of motion |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Connective tissue bones are composed of | Osseous tissue |
| Elements of Osseous tissue | Osteocytes (bone cells), Collagen (dense connective tissue strands), Calcium salts |
| What are bones made of during fetal development | catilaginous tissue |
| Immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification | Osteoblasts |
| Large cells that digest bone tissue from the inner sides of bones and enlarge the thinner bone cavity so bones do not become overly thick and heavy | Osteoclasts |
| Minerals that bones depend on for formation | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| Vitamin needed for bone formation | Vitamin D |
| How many bones are there in the human body? | 206 |
| Strong bones with broad end and large surface for muscle attachment | Long Bones |
| Bone type that is found in the wrist and ankle | Short Bones |
| Bones that are found covering soft body parts | Flat Bones |
| Small, rounded bones resembling a sesame seed in shape | Seamoid Bones |
| Shaft or middle region of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| Each end of a long bone | Epiphysis |
| Flared portion of the bone | Metaphysis |
| Strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones, except the ends of the epiphysis | periosteum |
| Covering of the ends of long bones | articular cartilage |
| Layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the perioteum in all bone and liefs chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones | Compact bone |
| Canals within the compact bone that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide | haversian canals |
| Hollow inside of long bones | medullary cavity |
| Fat cells within the medullary cavity | yellow bone marrow |
| porous, less dense bone | Spongy (Cancellous) bone |
| Substance contained in the spaces within spongy bone | Red bone marrow |
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