exam 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| immunosuppressives | drugs that work by downregulating immune system activity
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| promoters of tolerance | treatments that teach the body not to reject something
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| immunostimulants | drugs that upregulate immune system activity
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| immunizations | drugs that work either actively or passively to infections or neoplasia
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| when are immunosuppressives used | when the immune system is over active or to prevent transplant rejection
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| most common immunosuppressive drug | glucocorticoids.
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| how do glucocorticoids work | modifying gene expression and inducing appoptosis. down reg proinflam cytokines
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| effect of glucocorticoids at high doses | non- genomic effects b/c receptor saturation. enzyme inhibition, membrane changes, calcium changes. detrimental
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| how does calcineurin work | activates T cells by dephos TF (NFAT). increased cyto Ca. changes in gene expression. Increase in IL-2. Block T cell prolif.
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| how does mTOR work | blocks T cell prolif by inhibiting expression of pro-inflamm cyto and blocking action. anti cancer effects
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| how does mycophenolate work | inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase found in lymphocytes. prevents guanosine prod. Blocks B and T cell activation. promotes apop.
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| anti-metabolites | drugs that mimic normal cellular metabolites.
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| how do anti-metabolites work | incorporated into DNA/RNA. lead to polymerase inhibition, DNA/RNA strand breaks/
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| how does Azathioprine work | mimics guanine and inhibits purine syn. incorporated into DNA.
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| how does methotrexate work | inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. blocks folate production. results in inhibition of T cell activation, down reg B cells, lymphocyte pro-death signals
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| how does cyclophosphamide work | by forming covalent bonds with cellular structures. interferes w/ DNA/RNA rep. results in apop.
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| only monoclonal AB for vet use | ANTI-CD-52
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| ANTI-CD-52 function | found on all mature lymphocytes. binding induces apop, ADCC, phagocytosis, complement mediated cytosis
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| ex of active immune stimulant | IL-2
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| ex of passive immune stimulant | IgG infusion in foal w/ FPT
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| ex of specific immune stimulant | antigen sp. vaccines
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| ex of non specific immune stimulant | mitogens (bacterial DNA). Acemannan
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| in flow cytometry cells are initially ID according to what | size (forward scatter) and granularity (side scatter)
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| CD21 and CD79 are found on what cell type | B cells
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| CD3 is found on what cell type | All T cells
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| CD4 is found on what cell type | Helper T cells
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| CD8 is found on what cell type | cytotoxic T cells
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| CD34 is found on what cell type | bone marrow derived cells
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