Energy systems
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| Every function of the body eg muscle contraction, digestion, breathing, repar & growth requires what ? | Energy
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| To power functions of the body what has to occur | continual chemical reactions at a celluar level
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| To function all living organisms require which high energy molecule ? | ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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| what is the energy currency of cellular life & the only fuel the human body recognises & uses | ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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| How does ATP Adenosine Triphosphate obtain its captured chemical energy ? | Breakdown of food molecules
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| why does ATP Adenosine Triphosphate release its energy ? | to fuel other celluar processes
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| How many phosphate molecules and Adenosine molecules bond to make ATP Adenosine Triphosphate ? | 3 Phosphate + 1 Adenosine Molecule
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| what incredible ability does ATP Adenosine Triphosphate hold | it regenerates itself
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| To supply the body with its daily energy needs, how many times a day does an ATP molecule regenerate | 2000 to 3000 thousand a day
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| At what point does ATP Adenosine Triphosphate release its energy | when one if its high energy phosphate bonds is broken
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| what happens to an ATP phosphate bond when it is broken | its is converted to ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
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| Once stores of ATP Adenosine Triphosphate have been used what happens | It has to be remade
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| How is ATP Adenosine Triphosphate remade after stores have been used up | the breakdown of phosphocreatine or certain nutrients eg carbs, fat & protein
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| the breakdown of phosphocreatine & certain nutrients eg carbs, fat & protein make up which energy source | ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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| what is phosphocreatine | a chemical in the body used in making ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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| where is the store of ATP Adenosine Triphosphate very limited ? | In the muscles
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| how long does ATP Adenosine Triphosphate last in the muscles | 1 to 2 seconds
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| How is "ADP" Adenosine Diphosphate produced | when one energy phosphate bonds are broken
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| Name the 3 Energy systems | (CP) Creatine Phosphate - Lactate - Aerobic
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| what system provides ATP to primarily fuel high intensity explosive activities eg shot put, 100m sprint or power lifting | the (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| Besides providing ATP with fuel for Highy Intensity exercise which system also is used ti initiate most movement regardless of intensity ? | the (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| in which tissue is (CP) Creatine Phosphate readily available | Muscle tissue
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| which energy system is readily available in muscle tissue and doesnt have to wait for the heart to push oxygen to specific areas | the (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| Which system regenerates ATP almost immediately by using its phosphate molecule | (CP )Creatine Phosphate
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| whats the maximum in seconds before the (CP )Creatine Phosphate is exhausted | 10 seconds
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| the enzyme "creatine kinase" breaks down which high energy system bond | (CP )Creatine Phosphate
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| which energy system is is used to predominantly fuel high intensity exercise lasting "longer" than 10 seconds | Lactate energy system
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| give examples of exercise activity that would use the the (CP) Creatine Phosphate system | 100m sprint, shot put, power lifting
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| which energy system would most likely be used for explosive activity lasting "less" than 10 seconds | (CP )Creatine Phosphate
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| give examples of exercise activity that would use the the "lactate" energy system | 400M race
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| whats the name for stored carbohydrates in muscles | Glycogen
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| which energy system can also be involved in lower intensity exercise when the demand for oxygen & glycogen stored in the liver cannot be met | Lactate energy system
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| What stores does the lactate energy system tap into to fuel ATP | Glycogen (stored form of carbohydrate)
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| what does the lactate energy system break down glycogen into without the use of oxygen ? | Glucose
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| what is glucose continually being converted to in the body ? | Lactic Acid
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| How does lactic acid accumulate ? | rate of production exceeds the bodys ability to get rid of it
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| When does lactic acid become a problem | when it starts to accumulate
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| What eventually happens in exercise activity when lactic acid build up becomes to much | the activity will eventually stop
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| Lactic acid build up causing activity to halt is know as what ? | OBLA - Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
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| Give examples of sensation that occur as OBLA - Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation starts | Laboured breathing/breathlesness - heavy limbs & pain (the burn)
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| Its a common myth that "burning sensation" felt during high intensity anaerobic exercise is lactic acid. although lactic acid levels are high at this time explain the actual cause | (H+) Hydrogen ions are produced as a result of anaerobic hydrolysis
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| anaerobic hydrolysis produces which ions | (H+) Hydrogen ions
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| what kind of training improves the bodys ability to delay or prevent lactic acid build up | Targeted interval training
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| Which kind of training uses up the glycogen stored in muscles quickly Aerobic or Anareobic ? | Anareobic
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| What period in minutes should a strenuous anaerobic activity set last before your recovery period prior to the next set | 1 to 3 minutes
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| How should the recovery period between a strenuous anaerobic activity set be used - Active or Inactive ? | Active
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| why should the recovery period between a strenuous anaerobic activity set be active ? | to aid the return of blood to the liver
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| Insufficient recovery periods or static rest between strenuous anaerobic activity sets may stop lactic acid being what | not dispersed in time for the next set/interval
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| what does aerobic mean | with oxygen
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| which system produces ATP from the complete breakdown of cars,fat & protein in the presence of oxygen ? | the aerobic system
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| which energy system is dominant when there is enough oxygen in the cells to meet energy production needs ? | the aerobic system
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| at what intensity level is the aerobic energy system dominant | low to moderate activity & at rest
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| which system supplies the oxygen to the aerobic system | circulatory system
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| Fat (fatty acids) & Carbohydrate (Glucose) are the two main macronutrients that supply the ATP during during which energy system metabolism | Aerobic
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| carbon dioxide, water & heat from the breakdown of fat & carbs are the by-products of which energy system ? | Aerobic
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| How is the by-product (carbon dioxide) of the Aerobic Energy system easily removed | (exhaled) eg transported to the lungs via the circulatory system
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| How is the by-product (water) of the Aerobic Energy system easily removed | sweating
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| the complete breakdown of a single glucose molecule regenerates how many moles of ATP | 36 moles (263kcal)
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| the complete breakdown of a single fat molecule (1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids) regenerates how many moles of ATP | 460 moles
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| Which is the greater ATP energy molecule supplier - Fat or Carbohydrate | FAT - 460 ATP moles but slower release than carbohydrate
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| Which is the preferred ATP energy molecule supplier - Fat or Carbohydrate | Carbohydrate - less ATP moles but a lot faster release
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| Although Carbohydrate release far less energy per molecule than Fat molecules why is carbohydrate the better ATP energywise | releases a lot faster
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| which is the only energy system that uses oxygen | Aerobic
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| which energy system allows ATP to regenerate almost immediately | the (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system breaks glycogen down into glucose without oxygen | Lactate energy system
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| which energy system chiefly uses carbs & fat for fuel | aerobic
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| which energy system chiefly "does not" use protein unless carbohydrate availability is low ? | aerobic
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| Use of Oxygen by the cells of the body is known ? | (VO2) oxygen uptake/consumption
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| (VO2) is known as the use of what by the cells of the body | oxygen
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| When at rest the bodys oxygen uptake (VO2) is about " ?ml " of oxygen per kg of bodyweight per minute | 3.5ml
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| millilitres of oxygen per Kg of bodyweight per minute (ml/kg/min) is also known as "1" what | 1 metabolic eqiuvalent or MET
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| (MET) 1 metabolic eqiuvalent = (ml/kg/min) TRUE or FALSE ? | true
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| Exercise intensity (low/med/high) can be gauged according to the amount of oxygen uptake (VO2) required, also know as ? | your MET'S
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| The max amount of oxygen a person can take in, transport & utilise provides an indication to a persons what ? | Fitness
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| The more oxygen a person can take in & use via muscles the higher intensity that person can work at making that person what ? | Fitter
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| what is (VO2max) ? | The maximal oxygen uptake a can person can manage
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| what is generally accepted as the best way to measure a persons fitness levels | measuring their (VO2max)
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| How do you measure a persons (VO2max) | either directly or estimated using various aerobic fitness tests
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| At what level do all 3 energy systems produce energy ? | Celluar
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| which energy production system occurs in small cell structures called mitochondria | aerobic
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| the aerobic energy production system occurs in small cell structures called ? | mitochondria
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| describe mitochondria | small cell structures
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| The name "powerhouse" is given to what structure of cells | mitochondria
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| What are the 2 systems that are part of Anaerobic energy production ? | (CP) Creatine Phosphate & The Lactate systems
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| where does Anaerobic energy production "(CP) Creatine Phosphate & The Lactate systems" occur | in the muscle cells (but outside the mitochondria)
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| Anaerobic energy production "(CP) Creatine Phosphate & The Lactate systems occurs inside the mitochondria TRUE or FALSE | FALSE its outside in the muscle cells
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| To achieve greater potential for aerobic ATP production of a cell. A larger and more plentiful supply of cell structures known as what are needed | mitochondria
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| To run, swim or cycle at a higher intensity for a sustained period without fatigue would require a more plentiful and larger supply of what cell structures | mitochondria
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| all 3 energy systems work independently of eachother - TRUE or FALSE | FALSE
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| All 3 energy systems work together providing the body with energy - TRUE or FALSE | TRUE
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| A golf swing, 100m sprint or shot put would mainly use which energy system ? | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| A 400m sprint or squash/tennis rally would mainly use which energy system ? | Lactate system
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| A long distance run/marathon would mainly use which energy system ? | Aerobic
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| No matter what the sport/activity what actually determines the energy system used by the body is ? | the intensity & duration
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| which energy system used in activity could also rely on a persons level of what ? | fitness
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| which activity would burn more fatty acids - walking the dog or 100m sprint | walking the dog
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| in a high intense activity like 100m sprint what fuel would be used almost exclusively | glucose
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| a low intense activity like slow paced walk would use mainly what fuel | fatty acids
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| where does ATP production take place ? | in the muscle cells
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| which energy system has a very rapid speed of energy production | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system uses the energy source (stored chemical energy) phosphocreatine ? | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system is very limited in ATP production | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system produces no by products eg no fatiguing waste products | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system has a very high intensity of activity (95% to 100% max effort | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system has a quick recovery (30 secs to 5 mins) | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy system has mainly type 2b fiber types ? | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which two energy systems are anaerobic oxygen dependent | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system + Lactate System
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| which energy system has a rapid speed of energy production | Lactate System
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| which energy system uses the energy source Glycogen ? | Lactate System
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| Lactate System
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| which energy system produces the by-products lactic acid ? | Lactate System
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| which energy systems duration of energy production is short lasting (0 to 10 secs) | (CP) Creatine Phosphate system
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| which energy systems duration of energy production lasts (1 to 3 mins of intense activity) | Lactate System
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| which energy system has a high intensity of activity (60 to 95% max effort) | Lactate System
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| which energy system required a recovery period of 20mins to 2hours (breakdown of lactic acid) | Lactate System
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| which energy system has mainly type 2a fiber types ? | Lactate System
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| which two energy systems are aerobic oxygen dependent | Aerobic System
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| which energy system has a slow speed of energy production | Aerobic System
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| which energy system uses the energy sources Fat & Glycogen | Aerobic System
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| which energy system is unlimited in ATP production | Aerobic System
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| which energy system produces no fatiguing waste by-products l(only carbon dioxide & water) | Aerobic System
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| which energy systems duration of energy production is long | Aerobic System
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| which energy system has a low to moderate intensity of activity (upto 60% max effort) | Aerobic System
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| which energy system has a required recovery period to eat & drink (to replenish fuel stores) | Aerobic System
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| which energy system has mainly type 1 fiber types ? | Aerobic System
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