Nervous System Chapter 10
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| ganglion | is a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system Note: the term ganglion describes a benign, tumor
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| plexus | is a network of intersecting spinal nerves
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| receptors | are sensory organs eyes, ears, skin, nose and taste buds that receive eternal stimulation the receptors send the stimulus through the sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation
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| tract |
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| stimulus | is anything that excites or activates a nerve and causes an impulse.. impulse is a wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons
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| glial cells | provide support and protection for neurons and their four main functions are 1. hold them in place 2.supply nutrients ad oxygen to neurons 3. to insulate one neuron from another 4. to destroy and remove dead neurons
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| neurons | are the basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other
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| ACE | Afferent neurons - towards / Connecting neurons- link / Efferent neurons - away from
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| SAM | Sensory neurons- from sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from the sensory organs toward the brain / associative neurons- link/ motor neurons- these neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord toward the muscles and gland
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| reflex | is an automatic involuntary response to some change wither inside or outside the body examples heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure and coughing and sneezing
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| synapse | is the space between two neurons or between a neuron and a rector organ. a single neuron can have a few. or several hundred synapse
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| innervations |
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| hypnotics | depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep
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| sedatives | depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep
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| axiolytic |
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| antidepressants | is administered to prevent or relieve depression can also be used to treat obsessive compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders and to help relieve chronic pain
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| antipsychotic drug | is used to treat symptoms of sever disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorders
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| tetanus | is an acute potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria. typically acquired through a deep puncture wound know as lockjaw
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| somnambulism | is the condition of walking or performing some other activity with awakening
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| Guillain=Barre syndrome | known as infectious polyneuritis is an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. weakness of muscles can cause temporary paralysis condition is an autoimmune reaction that occur after certain viral infections or an immunization
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| radiculitis | known as a pinched nerve is an iflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain an numbness radiating down the affected limb this portion of root lies between the spinal cord and intervertebral canal of the spinal column
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | known as Lou Gehrigs disease is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles patients become weaker until they are paralyzed and die
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| pyromania | is a disorder characterized by repeated deliberate fire setting
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| kleptomania | is a disorder characterized by repeatedly stealing objects neither for personal use nor for their monetary value
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| claustrophobia | is an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces
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| acrophobia | is an excessive fear of being in high places
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| agoraphobia | fear of public places / fear of having a panic attack in a public setting
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| meningitis | is an inflammation of the meninges fo the brain and spinal cord can be fatal caused by a bacterial or viral infection.. fever, vomiting intense headache and still neck
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| concussion | is a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain. may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function
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| cranial hematoma | is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain / epidural is located above the dura mater and a subdural is located below the dura mater
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| amnesia | is memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences. caused by a brain injury, illness or psychological disorder
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| ICP intracranial pressure |
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| psychiartist | is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies emotional problems and mental illness
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| psychologist | holds an advanced degree but is not a medical doctor
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| insomnia | is the prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep. usually a symptom of another problem such as depression pain or excessive caffeine
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| Alzheimer's disease | is a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought memory and language it is marked progressive deterioration that affects both memory and reasoning capabilities of an individual
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| dysthymia | known as systhymic disorder is a low grade chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than those of severe depression but are present on a majority of days for 2 or more years
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| cerebrum | is the larges and upper most of portion of the brain it is responsible for all thought memory and emotion as well as for controlling and integrating motor and sensory functions
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| cerebellum | it coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth and steady movements is below the cerebrum
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| medulla | is located at the lowest part of the brainstem is connected to the spinal cord it controls basic survival functions including the muscles that make respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure as well as reflexes for coughing,sneezing,swallowing,vomiting
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| brainstem | is located in the base of the brain forms the connection between the brain and spinal cord it consists of midbrain,pons,medulla controls functions for survival breathing,heartrate,blood pressure,being awake
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| CVA cerebral vascular accident | this condition is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted from,blood vessel or blocked or has ruptured.location of damage determines symptom damage to the right produces symptoms on the left side of body visa versa
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| TIA transient ischemic attack | is temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain.blurred vision,dizziness,loss of balance passes quickley but could be a warning sign
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| hemorrhagic stroke | known as a bleed occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks,aneurysm within the brain
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| ascending tracts | carry nerve impulses toward the brain
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| descending tracts | carry nerve impulses away from the brain
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| pia mater | which is the third layer of the meninges located nearest to the brain and spinal cord it consists of delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels
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| dura mater | is the thick though outermost membrane of the meninges
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| bells palsy | is the temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face inability to close eyes.pain,tearing,drooling,hypersensitivity to sound in the affected ear and impairment of taste
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| sciatica | is inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain,burning,tingling along the course of the affected sciatic nerve through the thigh,leg and foot
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| generalized anxiety disorder | is by chronic anxiety + exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke these feelings.physical symptoms include muscle tension,sleep disturbance and restlessness
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| factitious disorder | is a condition in which an individual acts as if her or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she in not really sick, the desire to receive attention and sympathy
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| hypochondriasis | is fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance known as hypochondriac
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| multiple sclerosis | is a progressive autoimmune disorder inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath. This scars the brain,spinal cord and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses causes pain and cognitive problems
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| cerebal palsy | condition that has poor muscle control,spasticity,speech defects and other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum. it occurs most frequently in premature or low birth weight infants.
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| ADHD | is characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behavior that is inappropriate for the child's developmental age. hyperactivity is restlessness or continuing excess of movement may persist into adult hood
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| dyslexia | is a learning disability substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols known as developmental reading disorder
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| autism | known as autistic disorder a group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships compulsively follows repetitive routines and has poor communication skills
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| causalgia | is persistent,severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve
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