Ab. Norm. Cond., Path., Labs & Clinical Procedures
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acromegaly | chronic metabolic disorder involving gradual enlargement of bones-face, jaw, & extremities
🗑
|
||||
| Addison disease | hypofunctioning of adrenal cortex; deficiency of all three adrenal steroids
🗑
|
||||
| adenectomy | removal of gland
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal virilism | excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
🗑
|
||||
| adrenalectomy | excision of one or both adrenal glands
🗑
|
||||
| adrenopathy | disease of adrenal glands
🗑
|
||||
| cretinism | congenital condition associated with severe hypothyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing syndrome | complex of caused by hypersecretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| diabetes insipidus | hyposecretion of ADH; kidney fails to reabsorb needed salts and water
🗑
|
||||
| diabetes mellitus | lack of insulin secretion or improper utilization of insulin by cells leading to chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism in cells
🗑
|
||||
| dwarfism | congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| endemic goiter | enlargement of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in diet
🗑
|
||||
| endrocrinologist | medical specialist in diagnosis & treatment of endocrine gland disorders
🗑
|
||||
| exophthalmometry | measures the forward displacement of the eyes
🗑
|
||||
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyeball, or proptosis
🗑
|
||||
| symptom of hypothyroidism | exophthalmos
🗑
|
||||
| fasting blood sugar | measure that assesses blood glucose levels after an 8- to 10-hour period of fasting
🗑
|
||||
| test for diabetes mellitus | fasting blood sugar
🗑
|
||||
| gastroparesis | loss of motility of stomach muscles
🗑
|
||||
| long-term secondary complication of diabete mellitus | gatroparesis
🗑
|
||||
| giantism | hypersecretion of growth hormaone from anterior pituitary before puberty
🗑
|
||||
| glucose tolerance test | measures glucose levels in blood sample taken at various intervals from patient who previously ingested glucose
🗑
|
||||
| glycosuria | sugar in urine
🗑
|
||||
| goiter | enlargement of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| Graves disease | hyperfunctioning of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| can cause thryotoxicosis | Graves disease
🗑
|
||||
| Graves disease is | the most common form of hyperthyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| hirutism | excessive hair growth
🗑
|
||||
| hypercalcemia | high levels of calcium in bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| often due to hyperparathyroidism | hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| hypercalciuria | high levels of calcium in urine
🗑
|
||||
| hyperglycemia | high levels of sugar in blood
🗑
|
||||
| hyperinsulinism | hypersecretion of insulin by the pancreas, resulting in hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of parathormone from parathyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| hyperthyroidism | secretion by thryoid gland of greater than normal amount of thyroxine
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid hormone | thryroxine / T4
🗑
|
||||
| hypocalcemia | low levels of calcium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| hyperglycemia | low levels of calcium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| hypogonadism | deficient functioning of gonads
🗑
|
||||
| hypoinsulinism | deficient production of insulin
🗑
|
||||
| hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of parathormone from parathyroid gland leading to hypocalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| hypophysectomy | removal of pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| hypopituitarism | deficient secretion of hormones from pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| hypothyroidism | decreased secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| ketoacidosis | high levels of ketones in blood
🗑
|
||||
| myxedema | hypofunctioning of thyroid gland in adults causing accumulation of mucus-like substance under skin
🗑
|
||||
| nodular goiter | enlargement of thryoid gland due to growth of adenomas on thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| adenomas | nodules on a gland
🗑
|
||||
| pancreatectomy | excision of pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| panhypopituitarism | generalized deficiency of all pituitary hormones
🗑
|
||||
| parathyroidectomy | removal of parathyroid glands
🗑
|
||||
| pheochromocytoma | benign vascular tumor cusing hypersecretion of epinephrine & norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| polydypsia | excessive thirst
🗑
|
||||
| radioactive iodine uptake | involves administering iodine and assessing the amount absorbed by the gland
🗑
|
||||
| indicator of thyroid gland function | radioactive iodine uptake
🗑
|
||||
| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking/copying effect of sympathetic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| norepinephrine & adrenaline are | sympathomimetic hormones
🗑
|
||||
| syndrome of inappropriate ADH | excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior lobe of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| tetany | constant muscle contractions
🗑
|
||||
| associated with hypocalcemia & hypoparathyroidism | tetany
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid carcinoma | malignant tumor of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid function test | measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid scan | administration of radioactive compound & visualization of thyroid gland with scanning device
🗑
|
||||
| thyroiditis | inflammation of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| thyrotoxicosis | hyperthyroidism, overactivity of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| A1c | blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess glucose control
🗑
|
||||
| measures ability to respond to a glucose load; test for diabetes | glucose tolerance test
🗑
|
||||
| HbA1c glycolsylated hemoglobin test | test for presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| high level indicated poor glucose control in diabetes patients | glycolsylated hemoglobin test HbA1c
🗑
|
||||
| Type 1 diabetes | insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| multiple endocrine neoplasia | hereditary hormonal disorder marked by adenomas & carcinomas
🗑
|
||||
| Type 2 diabetes | non-insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for Graves disease | radioactive oidine
🗑
|
||||
| radioimmunoassay | a laboratory measure that assesses hormone levels in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract has cells that produce | hormones gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin
🗑
|
||||
| hormones gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin all | help to regulate digestion
🗑
|
||||
| Specific cells in the wall of the heart | secrete a hormone that causes the kidneys to excrete sodium
🗑
|
||||
| prostaglandins | hormone-like substance produced body's tissues
🗑
|
||||
| stimulate contraction of smooth muscle, influence inflammatory response & involved in gastrointestinal & vascular function, including lowering blood pressure | prostoglandins
🗑
|
||||
| hypersecretion | excessive production of hormones
🗑
|
||||
| hyposecretion | underproduction of hormones
🗑
|
||||
| condition characterized by excessive size & stature | giantism
🗑
|
||||
| if hypersecretion of GH occurs during adulthood this may result | acromegaly
🗑
|
||||
| condition is acromegaly, not giantism, if hyper sercretion occurs | after the epiphyseal discs of the long bones have been sealed
🗑
|
||||
| caused by adenomas of the pituitary | gigantism and acromegaly
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of gigantism and acromegaly involve | CT scan & MRI to evaluate the tumor
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for gigantism and acromegaly ivolves | irradiation or excision of neoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| hyposecretion of growth hormone produces | pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary dwarfism | body is properly proportioned, but growth stunted
🗑
|
||||
| height does not typically exceed 4 feet in | a patient with pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary dwarfism is usually diagnosed in early childhood with | radioimmunoassay
🗑
|
||||
| Administering growth hormone to the patient | treats pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| radiographic examination of bones is done with | a radioimmunoassay
🗑
|
||||
| prepubertal panhypopituitarism | rare disorder associated with infections, autoimmune disorders, tumors, vascular diseases, & destruction of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| characterized by dwarfism with normal body proportions, subnormal sexual development, & diminished thyroid/adrenal gland functioning | prepubertal panhypopituitarism
🗑
|
||||
| postpubertal panhypopituitarism | may result from thrombosis of the pituitary circulation
🗑
|
||||
| signs/symptoms of postpubertal panhypopituitarism | weakness, fatigue, & intolerance of cold; progression to premature wrinkling of skin & atrophy of thyroid/adrenal glands
🗑
|
||||
| leads to abnormal retention of water, due to excessive secretion of ADH | syndrome of inapproriate ADH
🗑
|
||||
| signs of SIADH include | weight gain, vomiting, nausea, muscle weakness, & irritability
🗑
|
||||
| may develop secondary to tumors, infectious diseases, pathologic reactions to drugs, or trauma | SIADH
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of SIADH, as secondary, commonly involves | water intake restrictions, along with diagnosis of underlying disease
🗑
|
||||
| excessive thirst & large quanities of urine excreted due to this condition | diabetes insipidus
🗑
|
||||
| causes of diabetes insipidus can include | brian tumors, CNS infections/disease, & closed head trauma
🗑
|
||||
| depending on etiology, treatment of diabetes insipidus can include | fluid replacement & ADH injection/inhalation
🗑
|
||||
| excision of gland, decreased hormones affecting gland, atrophy of gland & endemic goiter | causes of hypothyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| characteristics include dwarfism & mental retardation | cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for cretinism with thyroid hormone may promote normal physical growth | but may not be able to reverse intellectual deficits
🗑
|
||||
| most severe form of hypothyroidism | myxedema
🗑
|
||||
| Persons with myxedema experience | swelling of hands, face & feet
🗑
|
||||
| due to deficiency of thyroid hormone allowing increase of lipid/fat in bloodstream | patients suffereing from myxedema may also develop atherosclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Myxedema can be successfully treated with | administration of thyroid hormone
🗑
|
||||
| untreated myxedema can lead to | coma & death
🗑
|
||||
| goiter, may occur in conjunction with | increased, decreased, or normal levels of hormone function
🗑
|
||||
| Endemic goiter occurs in certain geographic areas among populations of people who | lack sufficient dietary iodine
🗑
|
||||
| enlargement results from collection of colloid, a jelly-like substance, within gland | goiter
🗑
|
||||
| may occur in the presence of hyperthyroidism | nodular goiter
🗑
|
||||
| nodular goiter is also called | adenomatous goiter
🗑
|
||||
| Graves disease is believed to involve | dysfunction of immune system & influenced by genetics & environment
🗑
|
||||
| most prominent features of Graves disease |
🗑
|
||||
| exophthalmos is caused by | increased deposits of fat in tissues at back of eye socket
🗑
|
||||
| absorption of iodine is increased in | hypothyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| uptake is visualized in an image produced by a thyroid scan | radioactive iodine uptake
🗑
|
||||
| measures the forward displacement of the eyes in patients with Graves disease | exophthalmometry
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for Graves disease may involve | partial/total removal of thyroid or drugs to suppress thyroid hyperactivity
🗑
|
||||
| Radioactive iodine uptake & thyroid scan can help to diagnose | thyrocarcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| cancerous thyroid neoplasms are called | thyrocarinomas
🗑
|
||||
| cancerous thyroid neoplasms | are rare
🗑
|
||||
| grow more slowly than other malignancies | cancerous thyroid neoplasms
🗑
|
||||
| hard painless nodule in an enlarged thyroid | characterizes cancerous thyroid neoplasms
🗑
|
||||
| in a thyroid scan nodules that absorb radioactive iodine | show up as "hot"
🗑
|
||||
| "hot" nodules in a thyroid scan | are usually benign
🗑
|
||||
| don't take up radioactive iodine, during thyroid scan, showing up as "cold" | are normally tumors & likely to be malignant
🗑
|
||||
| surgical removal & high-doce radioactive iodine therapy destroying any remaining cells | treatment for tumors of thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| results in high levels of circulating PTN leading to hypercalcemia | hyperparathyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| osteitis fibrosa cystica | hypersecretion of PTH causing hypercalcemia leads to fragile bones
🗑
|
||||
| condition subject to development of cysts | osteitis fibrosa cystica
🗑
|
||||
| osteitis fibrosa cystica & kideny stones are secondary conditions | of hyperparathyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by | adenoma of one of parathyroid glands
🗑
|
||||
| adenoma of one of parathyroid glands is treated by | excision of the tumor
🗑
|
||||
| muscles & nerves weaken, leading to constant tetany | hypoparathyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| tetany, related to hypoparathyroidism, is due to | calcium remaining in bone & is unable to enter blood, to reach muscles & nerves
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal virilism | excess secretions of androgens by inner layer of adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| females express secondary sex characteristics, including hiruitism & deepening of voice | adrenal virilism
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal virilism is usually caused by | tumor of adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal virilism is managed by suppressing hormone overproduction | with medication or surgical excision of adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing syndrome may reflect the effect of | excessive levels of ACTH on adrenal gland, or tumor of adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of arthritis/lupus with glucocorticoids may also cause | Cushing syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| display obesity, round/moon-like face, fatty deposits on chest, abdomen, & upper back | patients with Cushing syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing syndrome can also cause | muscular atrophy, osteoporosis, and hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of Cushing syndrome involves | reduction of amout of cortisol secretion pharmacologically/surgically
🗑
|
||||
| deficiency of mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids & androgens are seen in | Addison disease
🗑
|
||||
| Addison disease is believed to be a | dysfunction of immune system; antibodies produced destroying own adrenal tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Addison disease symptoms include | weakness, fatigue, bronzed pigmentation of skin & mucous membranes
🗑
|
||||
| bronzed pigmentation of skin/mucous membranes, occuring in Addison disease, caused by | increased levels of MSH & anorexia
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of Addison disease includes | adrenal hormone replacement & management of underlying cause of illness
🗑
|
||||
| in pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells are effected and with chromium salts the | cells stain dark/dusky color
🗑
|
||||
| signs of pheochromocytoma include | severe headache, palpitations, sweating, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, & persistent/intermittent hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| surgical excision of the benign vasculat tumor is the usual treatment for | pheochromocytoma
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of insulin shock & hypoglycemia include | shakiness, sweating, headache, weakness, and loss of consciousness
🗑
|
||||
| can result from excessive exercise, too little food or overdose of insulin | insulin shock or severe hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| insulin shock | hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin
🗑
|
||||
| hyperinsulinism may be caused by | insulin-secreting tumor in islets of Langerhans/by exceeding prescribed dose of the hormone
🗑
|
||||
| administering glucose reverses the condition | hyperinsulinism
🗑
|
||||
| A deficient supply of insulin in the blood allows for | accumulation of potentially life-threatening amounts of glucose
🗑
|
||||
| glucose is not properly transported to cells nor is it properly converted within cells as a source of energy when | there are abnormally low levels of insulin
🗑
|
||||
| High levels of glucose in the bloodstream will | draw water out of cells, causing frequent urination as in diabetes mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| patients with diabetes mellitus may have increased appetite & food intake due to | glucose being unavailable, cells will seek alternate sources of energy
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed with | fasting blood sugar test & glycoslyated hemoglobin test
🗑
|
||||
| capable of measuring glucose control over several months | glycosylated hemoglobin test
🗑
|
||||
| oral glucose tolerance test if used to diagnose | gestational diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| ketoacids | a carboxylic acid that also contains a carbonyl (CO) group
🗑
|
||||
| ketoacids are produced because cells are forced | to burn protein & fat instead of glucose
🗑
|
||||
| buildup of ketoacids | alters the body's metabolic balance
🗑
|
||||
| diabetic ketoacidosis is a result of | inadequate control of diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| signs of ketoacidosis include | abdominal pain, nausea, vomitting, & fruity odor of the breath
🗑
|
||||
| coma and death will result if this is left untreated | ketoacidosis
🗑
|
||||
| accumulation of fatty materials in the blood vessels, from hyperglycemia, can cause | atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke to impaired blood supply to the extremities
🗑
|
||||
| diabetic nephropathy | kidney disease as result of hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| diabetic neuropathy | destruction of nerves in the extremities
🗑
|
||||
| if left untreated hyperglycemia can also cause | diabetic neuropathy & diabetic nephropathy
🗑
|
||||
| diabetic retinopathy | retinal blood vessel manifestations, including tiny aneurysms and exudation
🗑
|
||||
| diabetic retinopathy can lead to | vision loss & blindness
🗑
|
||||
| diabetics are more likely to develop | cataracts & glaucoma
🗑
|
||||
| plays an important role in both types of diabetes | heriditary
🗑
|
||||
| in Type1 diabetes little or no insulin is produced because | beta cells of islets of Langerhans have been decreased in number by abnormal autoimmune process
🗑
|
||||
| usually has its onset during childhood | Type 1 diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| More than 70% of individuals in whom Type 2 diabetes develops are | obese
🗑
|
||||
| insulin production is variable; its levels may be decreased, normal, or elevated | Type 2 diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| Type2 diabetes results from tissue unresponsiveness/resistance to insulin, caused by | hormone receptor defects or too few receptors on surface of target cell membranes
🗑
|
||||
| gestational diabetes | sometimes develops during pregnancy because of overall hormonal changes at that time
🗑
|
||||
| gestational diabetes typically resolves after childbirth but may | recur years later as Type 2 diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| thyroiditis | inflammation of thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| dystocia | pertaining to pathologic/difficult childbirth
🗑
|
||||
| endocrinopathy | any disease of endocrine system
🗑
|
||||
| polyuria | condition of excessive urine
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Medical sets