11-11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| o Examples of antimicrobials | Natural: Penicillin, cephalosporin C Synthetic: Sulfamethoazole, Trimethoprim, Quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
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| • Antimicrobial spectrum fall into what categories | Narrow, extended, broad
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| • MIC stands for what? | Minimal inhibitory concentration
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| • Tests for MIC are what two? | Etest and Disk diffusion
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| • What are the types of microbial resistance? | o Innate resistance: Microbe lacks drug target of the chemotherapeutic agent. o Acquired resistance: Microbe that has undergone a change. Change compensates for the presence of the drug.
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| •How do bacteria acquire resistance? | o Mutation o Transfer
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| • Why does drug fail to reach its target? | o Can’t penetrate cell wall/membrane due to change in structure or because of drug efflux pumps o Metabolic rxns inactivate drug o Mutations in target preclude binding of drug to target
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| • Explain the reasons for antibiotic resistance in patients | Prescribing an insufficient duration, an insufficient dose, an antibiotic that is only o Prescribing when not needed. o Stopping antibiotic use as soon as symptoms disappear, Taking antibiotics without physicians supervision.
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| • What are the targets of antibacterial drugs? | o Replication, metabolism, protein production, & certain structures i.e cell wall
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| • Name some cell wall inhibitors | The following antibiotics o b-lactam Penicillins (and their derivatives). Cephalosporins (four generations). Monobactams. Carbapenem. (b-lactamase inhibitors). o Others Bacitracin. Fosfomycin. Vancomycin
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| • Name the Narrow spectrum penicillins | Penicillin G Penicillin V
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| o Name the Penicillinase resistant penicillins | Nafcillin
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| o Name the Extended spectrum penicillins: |
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| o Name the b-lactamase inhibitors: | Competitive inhibition of b-lactamase: Aren’t antibiotics Clavulanate Sulbactam
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