Symp., Path. Cond., & Clinical Procedures
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| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor that develops from tacoustic nerve & grows in auditory canal
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| tumor that initially causes tinnitus, vertigo & progressive hearing loss | acoustic neuroma
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| treatment for acoustic neuroma can include | resection by microsurgical techniques or abalated by radiosurgery
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| radiosurgery | using powerful & precise x-ray beams insted of surgical incision
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| cholesteatoma | collection of epithelial cells, sebum & cholesterol in a cyst within middle ear
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| cholesteatoma consists of cyst-like masses which | produce a foul smelling odor
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| cholesteatoma is associated with | perforations of tympanic membrane
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| deafness | loss of the ability to hear
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| sensorineural hearing loss is also called | nerve deafness
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| sensorineural hearing loss results from | disease of, or trauma to, structures of inner ear or nerve pathways leading to brain
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| conductive deafness results from | impairment of middle ear ossicles & membranes transmitting sound waves to cochlea
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| patients with sensorineural & conductive deafness can be helped by | the use of hearing aids
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| earing aids | contain microphone to pickup sounds, amplifier to increase volume, & speaker to transmit amplified sounds
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| Meniere disease | disorder of vestibular labyrinth; endolymph accumulation in membranous labyrinth
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| cochlear hydrops | increased endolymph pressure in cochlea
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| vestibular hydrops | increased endolymph pressure in semicircular canals
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| tinnitus, sensitivity to loud sounds, progressive hearing loss, nausea, & vertigo are all signs/symptoms of | Meniere disease
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| Meniere disease episodes/attacks can last | minutes or hours
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| Meniere disease cause is | unknown
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| Meniere disease treatments include | tranquilizers, antihistamines, diuretics
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| surgery for Meniere disease may be necessary to | surgery to lower endolymph pressure on cochlear hair cells
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| otitis media | inflammation of middle ear
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| often follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) | acute otitis media
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| signs/symptoms of otitis media include | fever, pain, redness & loss of mobility of tympanic membrane
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| suppurative otitis media | as the bacteria attach middle ear, pus formation occurs
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| treatment for otitis media is | antibiotics
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| myringotomy may be required if | otitis media becomes chronic, it will be necessary to ventilate middle ear
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| serous otitis media | noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid
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| results from dysfunctional/obstructed auditory tube | serous otitis media
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| for patients who don't respond to medication for SOM & AOM a | myringotomy to aspirate fluid & tympanostomy tubes placed into eardrum to venilate middle ear
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| myringotomy | surgical incision of the tympanum to relieve pressure & buildup of fluid
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| tympanostomy tube | tube inserted after myringotomy, provides ventilation & drainage for middle ear during healing, & is eventually extruded
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| otosclerosis | excess formation of bony tissue in middle ear; particularly at labyrinth
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| hereditary condition resulting in bone forming around oval window & causing fixation/anklyosis of stapes bone | otosclerosis
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| fixation | condition of being held in a fixed position
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| ankylosis | stiffness; immobility and consolidation of joint
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| otosclerosis will lead to the inability of stapes | to transmit sound vibrations to inner ear, producing conductive hearing loss
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| effective treatment to restore hearing in patients with otosclerosis | stapedectomy with replacement by prothesis
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| stapedectomy | surgical removal of the stapes, which is then replaced with a prosthetic device
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| prosthetic device used after stapedectomy is made of | stainless steel, Teflon, or a similar substance
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| in order to perform a stapedectomy | oval window must be fenestrated
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| fenestrate | to pierce with one or more openings
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| tinnitus | sensation of noise in ears
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| noise sensations associated with tinnitus include | ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming
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| caused by irritation of delicate hair cells in inner ear | tinnitus
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| tinnitus symptoms may be associated with | prebycusis, Meniere disease, otosclerosis, chronic otitis, labyrinthitis & other disorders
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| tinnitus may be | persisten & severe, interfering with a patient's daily life
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| treatment for tinnitus includes | biofeedback
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| biofeedback for tinnitus can | help patient relax & exert control over stress & anxiety
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| tinnitus is a Latin-derived term meaning | tinkling
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| vertigo | sensation of irregular whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects; dizziness
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| can result from disease in labyrinth of inner ear or in nerve carrying message from semicircular canals to brain | vertigo
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| with vertigo symptoms include | affects to equilibrium, balance & possible nausea
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| audiometry | process of testing hearing
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| audiometer | electrical device instrument used to measure hearing
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| stimuli of specific frequencies delivered to determine hearing loss for each frequency | audiometry
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| audiogram | report of hearing using audiometer; in chart format
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| cochlear implant | surgically implanted device allowing sensorineural hearing-impaired person to understand speech
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| electrical signals are sent directly into auditory nerve nerve by multiple electrodes inserted into cochlea | cochlear implant
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| cochlear implants also contain | an external microphone & speech processor to pick up signals converting into electrical impulses
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| ear thermometry | meaurement of temperature of tympanic membrane by detection of infared radiation from eardrum
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| device inserted into auditory canal, results reflecting body temp provided within 2 second | ear thermometry
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| otoscopy | visual exam of ear with otoscope
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| otoscope | instrument for inspecting the ear
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| tuning fork test | test of ear condution using vibration source, tuning fork
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| tuning fork | device that produces harmonic vibration when its two prongs are struck
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| Rinne test | tuning fork test that compares duration of perception by bone & air conduction
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| examiner placed base of tuning fork against mastoid bone & in front of auditory meatus | Rinne test
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| Weber test | tuning fork is placed on midline of skull, assesses bone conduction of sound
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| tuning fork placed on center of forehead; if loudness of sound same in both ears hearing is normal | Weber test
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| electronystagmography | test of balance mechanism of inner ear by assessing eye movements
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| nystagmus | rapidly twitching eye movement
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| electronystagmograph | instrument used in electronystagmography
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| PE Tube | polyethylene ventilating tube placed in eardrum
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| hyperacusis | excessive sensitivity to sounds
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| macrotia | abnormally large ears
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| mastoiditis | inflammation & infection of mastoid process just behind ear
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| microtia | abnormally small ears
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| myringitis | inflammation of eardrum
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| ossiculoplasty | surgical repair of an ossicle of middle ear
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| otolaryngologist | specialist/surgeon in ear, nose & throat disorders
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| otomycosis | fungal infection of the ear
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| otopyorrhea | discharge of pur from ear
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| presbycusis | progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle/older age
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| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of eardrum
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| usually thought of as a common childhood disease associated with colds, sore throats, and blockage of the eustachian tube | AOM acute otitis media
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| this causes the middle ear to be prone to infection | structure of eustachian tube and its connection to nasopharynx
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| characterized by a sense of fullness in the ear, diminished hearing, pain, and fever | acute otitis media
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| types of fluids that can accumulate in middle ear | serous, purulent, or mucoid
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| caused of improper fluid drainage include | Obstruction or dysfunction of eustachian tube & enlarged lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx
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| Antibiotic therapy is used to treat | acute and chronic otitis media
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| complication of chronic otitis media | cholesteatoma
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| Surgical removal of the cholesteatoma is required to prevent | damage to the structures of the middle ear
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| damages from cholesteatoma are related to | the enzymes it produces
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| the bony tissue, from otosclerosis, attaches to & prevents movement of | the stapes
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| Conductive hearing loss can be caused by | accumulation of cerumen in auditory canal, presence of foreign body in ear, & diseases of middle ear
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| pneumatic attachment to the otoscope allows | evaluation of the eardrum's mobility
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| hearing acuity | capacity to perceive sound
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| device now available for use by those with profound hearing loss | cochlear implant
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| cochlear implant bypasses | the damaged cochlea
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| salpingoscope | device used to examine eustachian tube
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| otodynia | pain in the ear
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