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MedTerm Mod 17 *Ear*
Symp., Path. Cond., & Clinical Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor that develops from tacoustic nerve & grows in auditory canal |
| tumor that initially causes tinnitus, vertigo & progressive hearing loss | acoustic neuroma |
| treatment for acoustic neuroma can include | resection by microsurgical techniques or abalated by radiosurgery |
| radiosurgery | using powerful & precise x-ray beams insted of surgical incision |
| cholesteatoma | collection of epithelial cells, sebum & cholesterol in a cyst within middle ear |
| cholesteatoma consists of cyst-like masses which | produce a foul smelling odor |
| cholesteatoma is associated with | perforations of tympanic membrane |
| deafness | loss of the ability to hear |
| sensorineural hearing loss is also called | nerve deafness |
| sensorineural hearing loss results from | disease of, or trauma to, structures of inner ear or nerve pathways leading to brain |
| conductive deafness results from | impairment of middle ear ossicles & membranes transmitting sound waves to cochlea |
| patients with sensorineural & conductive deafness can be helped by | the use of hearing aids |
| earing aids | contain microphone to pickup sounds, amplifier to increase volume, & speaker to transmit amplified sounds |
| Meniere disease | disorder of vestibular labyrinth; endolymph accumulation in membranous labyrinth |
| cochlear hydrops | increased endolymph pressure in cochlea |
| vestibular hydrops | increased endolymph pressure in semicircular canals |
| tinnitus, sensitivity to loud sounds, progressive hearing loss, nausea, & vertigo are all signs/symptoms of | Meniere disease |
| Meniere disease episodes/attacks can last | minutes or hours |
| Meniere disease cause is | unknown |
| Meniere disease treatments include | tranquilizers, antihistamines, diuretics |
| surgery for Meniere disease may be necessary to | surgery to lower endolymph pressure on cochlear hair cells |
| otitis media | inflammation of middle ear |
| often follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) | acute otitis media |
| signs/symptoms of otitis media include | fever, pain, redness & loss of mobility of tympanic membrane |
| suppurative otitis media | as the bacteria attach middle ear, pus formation occurs |
| treatment for otitis media is | antibiotics |
| myringotomy may be required if | otitis media becomes chronic, it will be necessary to ventilate middle ear |
| serous otitis media | noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid |
| results from dysfunctional/obstructed auditory tube | serous otitis media |
| for patients who don't respond to medication for SOM & AOM a | myringotomy to aspirate fluid & tympanostomy tubes placed into eardrum to venilate middle ear |
| myringotomy | surgical incision of the tympanum to relieve pressure & buildup of fluid |
| tympanostomy tube | tube inserted after myringotomy, provides ventilation & drainage for middle ear during healing, & is eventually extruded |
| otosclerosis | excess formation of bony tissue in middle ear; particularly at labyrinth |
| hereditary condition resulting in bone forming around oval window & causing fixation/anklyosis of stapes bone | otosclerosis |
| fixation | condition of being held in a fixed position |
| ankylosis | stiffness; immobility and consolidation of joint |
| otosclerosis will lead to the inability of stapes | to transmit sound vibrations to inner ear, producing conductive hearing loss |
| effective treatment to restore hearing in patients with otosclerosis | stapedectomy with replacement by prothesis |
| stapedectomy | surgical removal of the stapes, which is then replaced with a prosthetic device |
| prosthetic device used after stapedectomy is made of | stainless steel, Teflon, or a similar substance |
| in order to perform a stapedectomy | oval window must be fenestrated |
| fenestrate | to pierce with one or more openings |
| tinnitus | sensation of noise in ears |
| noise sensations associated with tinnitus include | ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming |
| caused by irritation of delicate hair cells in inner ear | tinnitus |
| tinnitus symptoms may be associated with | prebycusis, Meniere disease, otosclerosis, chronic otitis, labyrinthitis & other disorders |
| tinnitus may be | persisten & severe, interfering with a patient's daily life |
| treatment for tinnitus includes | biofeedback |
| biofeedback for tinnitus can | help patient relax & exert control over stress & anxiety |
| tinnitus is a Latin-derived term meaning | tinkling |
| vertigo | sensation of irregular whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects; dizziness |
| can result from disease in labyrinth of inner ear or in nerve carrying message from semicircular canals to brain | vertigo |
| with vertigo symptoms include | affects to equilibrium, balance & possible nausea |
| audiometry | process of testing hearing |
| audiometer | electrical device instrument used to measure hearing |
| stimuli of specific frequencies delivered to determine hearing loss for each frequency | audiometry |
| audiogram | report of hearing using audiometer; in chart format |
| cochlear implant | surgically implanted device allowing sensorineural hearing-impaired person to understand speech |
| electrical signals are sent directly into auditory nerve nerve by multiple electrodes inserted into cochlea | cochlear implant |
| cochlear implants also contain | an external microphone & speech processor to pick up signals converting into electrical impulses |
| ear thermometry | meaurement of temperature of tympanic membrane by detection of infared radiation from eardrum |
| device inserted into auditory canal, results reflecting body temp provided within 2 second | ear thermometry |
| otoscopy | visual exam of ear with otoscope |
| otoscope | instrument for inspecting the ear |
| tuning fork test | test of ear condution using vibration source, tuning fork |
| tuning fork | device that produces harmonic vibration when its two prongs are struck |
| Rinne test | tuning fork test that compares duration of perception by bone & air conduction |
| examiner placed base of tuning fork against mastoid bone & in front of auditory meatus | Rinne test |
| Weber test | tuning fork is placed on midline of skull, assesses bone conduction of sound |
| tuning fork placed on center of forehead; if loudness of sound same in both ears hearing is normal | Weber test |
| electronystagmography | test of balance mechanism of inner ear by assessing eye movements |
| nystagmus | rapidly twitching eye movement |
| electronystagmograph | instrument used in electronystagmography |
| PE Tube | polyethylene ventilating tube placed in eardrum |
| hyperacusis | excessive sensitivity to sounds |
| macrotia | abnormally large ears |
| mastoiditis | inflammation & infection of mastoid process just behind ear |
| microtia | abnormally small ears |
| myringitis | inflammation of eardrum |
| ossiculoplasty | surgical repair of an ossicle of middle ear |
| otolaryngologist | specialist/surgeon in ear, nose & throat disorders |
| otomycosis | fungal infection of the ear |
| otopyorrhea | discharge of pur from ear |
| presbycusis | progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle/older age |
| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of eardrum |
| usually thought of as a common childhood disease associated with colds, sore throats, and blockage of the eustachian tube | AOM acute otitis media |
| this causes the middle ear to be prone to infection | structure of eustachian tube and its connection to nasopharynx |
| characterized by a sense of fullness in the ear, diminished hearing, pain, and fever | acute otitis media |
| types of fluids that can accumulate in middle ear | serous, purulent, or mucoid |
| caused of improper fluid drainage include | Obstruction or dysfunction of eustachian tube & enlarged lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx |
| Antibiotic therapy is used to treat | acute and chronic otitis media |
| complication of chronic otitis media | cholesteatoma |
| Surgical removal of the cholesteatoma is required to prevent | damage to the structures of the middle ear |
| damages from cholesteatoma are related to | the enzymes it produces |
| the bony tissue, from otosclerosis, attaches to & prevents movement of | the stapes |
| Conductive hearing loss can be caused by | accumulation of cerumen in auditory canal, presence of foreign body in ear, & diseases of middle ear |
| pneumatic attachment to the otoscope allows | evaluation of the eardrum's mobility |
| hearing acuity | capacity to perceive sound |
| device now available for use by those with profound hearing loss | cochlear implant |
| cochlear implant bypasses | the damaged cochlea |
| salpingoscope | device used to examine eustachian tube |
| otodynia | pain in the ear |
Created by:
lfrancois
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