Endocrine System review
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| is composed of the ductless glands and other structures that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | endocrine system
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| is an organ that has specialized cells that secrete or excrete substances that are not related to the gland's ordinary metabolism | a gland
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| have ducts that enable them to empty secreations onto and external or internal body surface | exocrine gland
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| excess secretion is | hypersecretion
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| hormones are either proteins or | steroids
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| this gland is a small round structure about 1 cm in diamter that is attached by a stalk at the base of the brain | pitutary gland (hypophysis)
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| lies above each of the two kidneys | adrenal gland
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| above the kidneys | supra/renal
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| shaped like a pine cone and is attached tot he posterior part of the brain | pineal gland
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| an elongated structure that has digestive functions, as well as endocrine functions | the pancreas
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| supplies numerous hormones that act directly on cells or stimulate other glands that govern many vital processes | pitutiary
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| the posterior lobe of the pitutary is called | neurohypophysis
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| the anterior lobe of the pituitary is the | adenohypophysis
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| affects the volume of urine excreted | antidiuretic hormone
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| cause a decrease in the amount of water lost in urination | anti/diuretics
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| this hormone increases the rate of growth and maintains size once growth is attained | somatotropin
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| a black or dark brown pigment that occurs naturally in the hair, skin, and parts of the eye | melanin
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| stimulate the ovaries of the female and the testes of the male | gonado/trop-ic hormone
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| normally functioning thyroid | euthyroid
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| two glands of the female breasts that secrete milk | mammary glands
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| inducing the secretion fo milk | lacto/genic
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| is the secretion or ejecting of milk | lactation
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| behind the mammary gland | retro/mammary
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| petaining to the gonads | gonadal
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| help maintain water balance in the body | mineralo/corticoids
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| producing masculine characteritics or masculinization | andro/genic
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| is secreted in response to food in the stomach | gastrin hormone
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| located near the middle of the chest cavity behind the breastbone | thymus
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| the hormone produced by the thymus is | thymosin
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| the method of using the hands or fingers to examine an organ is | palpuation
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| abnormally increased activity of the throid | hyper/thyroid/ism
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| is useful in identifying tumors involving the pitutary or the hypothalamus | magnetic resonance imaging
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| presence of sugar in the urine | glycosuria
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| presence of ketones int he urine | ketonuria
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| a diagnostic producre that uses x-rays to study the soft tissues of the breast | mammo/graphy
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| any disease of a gland | adenopathy
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| is a bnign tumor in which the cells are clearly derived from glndular tissue | aden/oma
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| any of a large group of malignant tumors of the glands | adeno/carcinoma
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| a disorder associated with a dificiency of adh or inability of the kidneys to respond to adh | diabetes insipidus
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| excessive urination | polyuria
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| excessive thirst | polydipsia
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| is decreased activity of the pituitary gland | hypo/pituitar/ism
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| increased pituitary activity | hyperpituitarism
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| a typical feature of the disease, enlargement of the extremities | acromeglay
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| any disease of the thyroid gland | thyropathy
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| inflammation of the thyroid gland | thyroid/itis
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| is a condition caused by excessive secretion of two hormones of the thyroid gland | hyper/thyroid/ism
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| eyes protrudes outward | ex/ophthalmos
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| a life-threatening event that is usually triggerd by a major stressor, such as trauma or infection | thyrotoxicosis
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| decreased activity of the thyroid gland | hypothyroidism
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| below normal functioniong of the parathyroids | hypo/parathyroid/ism
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| abnormally increased activity of the parathyroids | hyper/parathyroid/ism
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| less than normal level of calcium in the blood | hypoclacemia
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| greater than normal blodd calcium level | hyper/calc/emia
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| decreased funcitonal activity of the gonands | hypo/gonad/ism
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| is enlargement of one of both adrenal glands | adreno/megaly
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| increased secretory activiy of the adrenals | hyper/adrenal/ism
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| excessive growth of the male mammary glands | gynecomastia
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| decreased adrenal activity | hypo/adrenal/ism
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| pertains to the adrenal cortex | adreno/cortical
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| inflammation of the pancreas | pancreatitis
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| is a deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas | hypo/insulin/ism
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| excessive hunger and uncontrolled eating | polyphagia
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| carbohydrate intolerance, usually caused by a deficiency of insulin | gestational diabetes mellitus
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| excessive insulin in the blood | hyper/insulin/ism
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| breast pain | mamm/algia
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| is a disorder characterized by single or multiple bengin cysts of the breast | fibro/cystic breast disease
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| means breast cancer | masto/carcinoma
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| inflammtory condition of the breast | mastitis
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| excision of the thyroid | thyrodiectomy
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| excision of an adrenal gland | adrenalectomy
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| surgical removal of a breast | mastectomy
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| surgical fixation of a breast | mastpexy
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| plastic surgery of the breast | mammoplasty
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| excision of a lump in the breast | lumpectomy
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| antidiuretic hormone | kidneys
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| follicle-stimulating hormone | gonads
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| luteinizing hormone | gonads
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| oxytocin | breasts
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| thyrotropin | thyroid gland
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| adernalin | epinephrine
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| decreased thyroid activity | hypothyroidism
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| excessive growth of hair | hirsutism
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| glands that produce ova or sperm | gonad
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| lactogenic hormone | prolactin
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| master gland | pituitary
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