Chapter 9&17
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| Bedounis | small groups of nomadic people in Arabia
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| Muhammad | Prophet of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah's messenger to all humankind
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| Hegira | Mohammad's journey from Mecca to Medina
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| Islam | a monotheistic religion whose prophet is Muhammad and whose holy book is the Qur´an
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| Muslims | followers of Islam
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| Qur´an | the sacred text of Islam
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| Five Pillars of Islam | behaviors and obligations that are common to all Muslims, which include the profession of faith
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| Mosque | a building for Muslim prayer
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| Jihad | ¨struggle for the faith¨ , can be thought as an individual or common struggle
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| Abu Bakr | First Muslim caliph
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| Caliph | ¨successor to the Prophet¨; title given to the political and religious leader of Muslims
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| Caliphate | area ruled by a caliph
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| Umayyad | first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate
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| Sunnis | ¨people who follow the Sunna (way of the Prophet)¨
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| Shia | a branch of Islam whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendant
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| Sufis | a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with God
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| Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 128
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| Harun al-Rashid | Fifth Abbasid caliph (ruled 786 to 809); under his rule, the Abbasid dynasty reached its height and Islamic culture experience a flowering
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| Ghazis | warriors for the Islamic faith
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| Ottomans | ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire (1293-1922), named for Osman I , the founder; at the Empires height, the Ottomans ruled a vast area
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| Sultan | title for the ruler of the Ottoman Empire
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| Jainissaries | highly trained soldiers in the elite guard of the Ottoman Empire
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| Mehmed ll | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to 1446 and again from 1451 to 1481. He helped conquer Constinople
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| Suleyman l | Sultan for the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566; he expanded the empire and took on large economic affairs
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| Shah | name given to a king of Safavid Empire
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| ´Abbas | Shah of the Safavid Empire in Persia he has lead many military victories and has skilled administration brought about a golden age
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| Babur | Founder of the Mughal empire of India
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| Mughal Empire | a Muslim empire in India
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| Akbar the Great | Mughal emperor of India he enlarged his empire to include nearly all of the Indian peninsula
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| Sikhism | an Indian religion founded in the late 1400s whose beliefs blend elements of Hinduism and Islam
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| Shah Jahan | Mughal emperor of India from 1628 to 1658; under its rule the empires power reached its peak
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| Taj Mahal | a mausoleum built by India's Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
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| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor who made Mughal´s power extend its greatest extent
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