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| Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis | degenerative calcifications of the Large and Medium muscular artery vessel wall media layer
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| where are atherosclerotic aneurysm found | distal aorta and common iliacs
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| where is a syphilitic aneurysm found | ascending aorta and arch
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| where are dissecting aneurysms found | in the proximal aorta from an intimal tear 1 to 2 cm above the aortic valve
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| what are varicose veins | dilated superficial veins
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| what causes deep vein thrombosis | stasis and or inflammation
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| what is lymphangitis | inflammation of the lymphatics usually in an area of previous trauma via GAS
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| a capillary hemangioma is called a | birthmark
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| a cavernous hemangioma is called a | port wine stain (large vascular channels)
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| where are angiosarcomas found | in the skin and soft tissue rare malignant neoplasm of the endothelial cells
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| angiosarcomas of the liver are associated with? | environmental carcinogens (arsenic and vinyl chloride)
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| Kaposi Sarcoma | on skin or mucus membranes, GI and Lungs in AIDS patients Herpes Simplex 8
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| Acute Mastitis | inflammation of the breast due to staph. aureus in the babies mouth
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| Lactiferous mastitis | another name for acute mastitis (inflammatory condition of the breast from feeding)
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| Granulomatis Mastitis | Inflammation caused by infections that can’t be cleared like Tb, Sarcoid, or foreign material
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| Mammary duct Ectasia | infiltration of histiocytes and secretions with fibrosis and inflammation subareolar
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| what causes fat necrosis | fibrocystic change, ductal hyperplasia and radial scar
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| what is fibrocystic change | not a disese dilations of the ducts with apocrine metaplasia and fibrosis
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| what is sclerosing adenosis | whe tne terminal ducts and acini proliferate with fibrotic stroma seen in those with fibrocystic change
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| Ductal hyperplasia | alone or with fibrocystic change (can progress to cancer if proliferation is atypical)
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| fibroadenoma | benign neoplasm presents a mass in 20-30 y/o women
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| what are the benign neoplasms of the breast | fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, nipple papilloma
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| Radial Scar | often confused with malignancy but is benign fibroelastic core with radiating ducts and lobules
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| intraductal papilloma | large duct with subaereolar location and discharge
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| nipple papilloma | subaereolar mass with discharge and errosion that looks like Padget’s disease
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| what are the carcinomas in situ of the breast | ductal, lobular and padgets
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| how is ductal carcinoma distributed | usually unifocal with risk on the ipsilateral side
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| what carcinoma in situ makes you watch only the affected side | ductal carcinoma in situ
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| how are lobular carcinomas in situ distributed | multifocal with worry about both breasts
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| which in situ carcinoma makes you worry about both breasts | lobular carcinoma in situ
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| padgets disease | tumor confined in the epithelium of the nipple
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| 50-70% of invasive breast cancers are? | invasive ductal carcinomas
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| how do invasive lobular carcinomas present | not as a mass they are too diffuse and lack desmoplasia (fibroblasts)
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| inflammatory carcinoma | not distinct but appears a a peu de orange with spread over the skin of the breast
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| Phylloid turmo | leaf like tumor that occurs around age 45 with hypercellualar overgrowth of bland ductal elements
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| what is gynecomastia | gland or stromal hyperplasia in men
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| Libman Sacks Endocarditis | associated with SLE (50% of lupus patients) may embolize or be colonized
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| Carcinoid Heart disease | plaque like pearly whit fibrous thickening of the RV endocardium they can secreate bioactive amines and will mimic sympathetic nervous system activation
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| AD Dilated Cardiomyopathy | most common primary cause of cardiomyopathy affects sarcoglycan, troponin and myosin
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| X linked dilated cardiomyopathy | affects the dystrophin gene on X21 in teen boys (related to MD) no transmission of force
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| Mitochondrial primary Dilated cardiomyopathy accounts for? | <10% of primary cardiomyopathy
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| Pregnancy induced secondary dilated cardiomyopathy when? | third trimester or postpartum
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| Secondary metabolic Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by | Hyper OR Hypothyroid or Thiamine Deficiency
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| localized amyloidosis of the heart | restrictive cardiomyopathy in the elderly pale heart with amyloid around the vessels and myocardium
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| Systemic amyloidosis affecting the heart | the heart most common cause of death in people with plasma cell dyscrasia
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| Obliterative restrictive Cardiomyopathy | low volume low compliance cardiomyopathy via endocardial enlargement
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| Loeffler’s endomyocarditis | Obliterative restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by hypereosinophilia common in the subtropics of africa
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| endocardial fibroelastosis | Restrictive obliterative cardiomyopathy with normal wall but large endocardium (10x normal) with cartilage like fibroelastic endocardial thickening common in those age 0-2 Left more than right
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| Primary causes of myocarditits viral | usually viral (coxsackie A/B, polio, Echo, influenza, CMV, HSV
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| primary bacterial cause of myocarditis | corynebaterium, borrelia and rickettsial/fungal in immunosuppressed
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| Primary pericarditis is usually | viral
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| Hemorrhagic pericarditis is due to? | Tb or tumor and always scars
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| fibrinous pericarditis is due to | MI or Radiation (bread and butter appearance)
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| serous pericarditis is due to | autoimmune or uremia
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| difference between chronic adhesive and chronic constrictive | adhesive pulls and dilated the heart which constrictive (scar) enclosed and decreases the size of theheart
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| which pericarditis can progress to chronic | supporative, hemorrhagic and caseous
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| most common primary cardiac tumor | Myoxoma Mostly left atrium this is a friable tumor
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| what is the most common primary tumor in children (cardiac) | rhabdomyosarcoma associated with tuberous necrosis
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