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ALL THE DISEASES
so far
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis | degenerative calcifications of the Large and Medium muscular artery vessel wall media layer |
| where are atherosclerotic aneurysm found | distal aorta and common iliacs |
| where is a syphilitic aneurysm found | ascending aorta and arch |
| where are dissecting aneurysms found | in the proximal aorta from an intimal tear 1 to 2 cm above the aortic valve |
| what are varicose veins | dilated superficial veins |
| what causes deep vein thrombosis | stasis and or inflammation |
| what is lymphangitis | inflammation of the lymphatics usually in an area of previous trauma via GAS |
| a capillary hemangioma is called a | birthmark |
| a cavernous hemangioma is called a | port wine stain (large vascular channels) |
| where are angiosarcomas found | in the skin and soft tissue rare malignant neoplasm of the endothelial cells |
| angiosarcomas of the liver are associated with? | environmental carcinogens (arsenic and vinyl chloride) |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | on skin or mucus membranes, GI and Lungs in AIDS patients Herpes Simplex 8 |
| Acute Mastitis | inflammation of the breast due to staph. aureus in the babies mouth |
| Lactiferous mastitis | another name for acute mastitis (inflammatory condition of the breast from feeding) |
| Granulomatis Mastitis | Inflammation caused by infections that can’t be cleared like Tb, Sarcoid, or foreign material |
| Mammary duct Ectasia | infiltration of histiocytes and secretions with fibrosis and inflammation subareolar |
| what causes fat necrosis | fibrocystic change, ductal hyperplasia and radial scar |
| what is fibrocystic change | not a disese dilations of the ducts with apocrine metaplasia and fibrosis |
| what is sclerosing adenosis | whe tne terminal ducts and acini proliferate with fibrotic stroma seen in those with fibrocystic change |
| Ductal hyperplasia | alone or with fibrocystic change (can progress to cancer if proliferation is atypical) |
| fibroadenoma | benign neoplasm presents a mass in 20-30 y/o women |
| what are the benign neoplasms of the breast | fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, nipple papilloma |
| Radial Scar | often confused with malignancy but is benign fibroelastic core with radiating ducts and lobules |
| intraductal papilloma | large duct with subaereolar location and discharge |
| nipple papilloma | subaereolar mass with discharge and errosion that looks like Padget’s disease |
| what are the carcinomas in situ of the breast | ductal, lobular and padgets |
| how is ductal carcinoma distributed | usually unifocal with risk on the ipsilateral side |
| what carcinoma in situ makes you watch only the affected side | ductal carcinoma in situ |
| how are lobular carcinomas in situ distributed | multifocal with worry about both breasts |
| which in situ carcinoma makes you worry about both breasts | lobular carcinoma in situ |
| padgets disease | tumor confined in the epithelium of the nipple |
| 50-70% of invasive breast cancers are? | invasive ductal carcinomas |
| how do invasive lobular carcinomas present | not as a mass they are too diffuse and lack desmoplasia (fibroblasts) |
| inflammatory carcinoma | not distinct but appears a a peu de orange with spread over the skin of the breast |
| Phylloid turmo | leaf like tumor that occurs around age 45 with hypercellualar overgrowth of bland ductal elements |
| what is gynecomastia | gland or stromal hyperplasia in men |
| Libman Sacks Endocarditis | associated with SLE (50% of lupus patients) may embolize or be colonized |
| Carcinoid Heart disease | plaque like pearly whit fibrous thickening of the RV endocardium they can secreate bioactive amines and will mimic sympathetic nervous system activation |
| AD Dilated Cardiomyopathy | most common primary cause of cardiomyopathy affects sarcoglycan, troponin and myosin |
| X linked dilated cardiomyopathy | affects the dystrophin gene on X21 in teen boys (related to MD) no transmission of force |
| Mitochondrial primary Dilated cardiomyopathy accounts for? | <10% of primary cardiomyopathy |
| Pregnancy induced secondary dilated cardiomyopathy when? | third trimester or postpartum |
| Secondary metabolic Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by | Hyper OR Hypothyroid or Thiamine Deficiency |
| localized amyloidosis of the heart | restrictive cardiomyopathy in the elderly pale heart with amyloid around the vessels and myocardium |
| Systemic amyloidosis affecting the heart | the heart most common cause of death in people with plasma cell dyscrasia |
| Obliterative restrictive Cardiomyopathy | low volume low compliance cardiomyopathy via endocardial enlargement |
| Loeffler’s endomyocarditis | Obliterative restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by hypereosinophilia common in the subtropics of africa |
| endocardial fibroelastosis | Restrictive obliterative cardiomyopathy with normal wall but large endocardium (10x normal) with cartilage like fibroelastic endocardial thickening common in those age 0-2 Left more than right |
| Primary causes of myocarditits viral | usually viral (coxsackie A/B, polio, Echo, influenza, CMV, HSV |
| primary bacterial cause of myocarditis | corynebaterium, borrelia and rickettsial/fungal in immunosuppressed |
| Primary pericarditis is usually | viral |
| Hemorrhagic pericarditis is due to? | Tb or tumor and always scars |
| fibrinous pericarditis is due to | MI or Radiation (bread and butter appearance) |
| serous pericarditis is due to | autoimmune or uremia |
| difference between chronic adhesive and chronic constrictive | adhesive pulls and dilated the heart which constrictive (scar) enclosed and decreases the size of theheart |
| which pericarditis can progress to chronic | supporative, hemorrhagic and caseous |
| most common primary cardiac tumor | Myoxoma Mostly left atrium this is a friable tumor |
| what is the most common primary tumor in children (cardiac) | rhabdomyosarcoma associated with tuberous necrosis |
Created by:
jmuame03
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