Amino Acid Metabolis
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| dietary intake of protein for amino acid pool | 70-100 grams per day
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| size of amino acid pool | 30-40 grams per day
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| inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase | ATP
GTP
NADH
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| CO2 + NH3 | Carbamoyl phosphate
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| Carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine | citrulline
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| Citrulline + aspartic acid | argininosuccinic acid
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| argininosuccinic accid - fumaric acid | arginine
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| arginine + H20 - Urea | ornithine
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| AA's that go to Acetyl CoA | Isoleucine
leucine
lysine
phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan
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| AA's that go to a-ketoglutarate | glutamine
arginine
histidine
proline
glutamate
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| AA's that enter TCA at succinyl CoA | isoleucine
methionine
valine
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| AA's that enter TCA at fumarate | phenylalanine
tyrosine
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| AA's that enter TCA at oxaloacetate | asparagine
aspartate
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| AA's that go to pyruvate | alanine
cysteine
glycine
serine
threonine
tryptophan
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| ketogenic amino acids | leucine
lysine
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| gluconeogenic amino acids | alanine
cysteine
glycine
serine
threonine
aspartate
asparagine
phenylalanine
methionine
valine
glutamate
proline
histidine
arginine
glutamine
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| amino acids that are both keto & gluconeogenic | isoleucine
phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan
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| Coenzyme A | Organic carrier of -CH2COO-
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| Phosphoadenylic acid | organic carrier of SO4(2-)
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| ADP | organic carrier of PO3(2-)
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| NAD+ or NADP+ | organic carrier of -H or electrons
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| THF | organic carrier of:
-CH3
-CH2OH
-CHO
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| Biotin | organic carrier of -COO-
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| Pyridoxal phosphate | -NH2
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| serotonin amino acid precursor | tryptophan
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| nicotinamide amino acid precursor | tryptophan
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| histamine amino acid precursor | histidine
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| taurine amino acid precursor | cysteine
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| amino acid precursor of norepinephrine | tyrosine
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| amino acid precursors of creatine | arginine, glycine, methionine
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| amino acid precursors of epinephrine | tyrosine
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| amino acid precursor of melanin | tyrosine
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| amino acid precursor of indole 5,6 quinone | tyrosine
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| amino acid precursor of thyroxine | tyrosine
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| function of serotonin | Peripheral vasoconstrictor
Important in brain metabolism
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| function of nicotinamide | Vitamin important in the structure of coenzymes NAD and NADP
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| function of histamine | Causes capillary expansion and gastric secdretion.
Released during allergic reactions
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| function of taurocholic acid | One of the bile acids. Its polar and nonpolar parts make it a good emulsifier.
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| function of norepinephrine | Less glycogenolytic than epinephrine and has little effect on the heart.
It is a neurotransmitter in most sympathetic nerves.
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| function of epinephrine | An adrenal hormone which acts to increase cardiac output, and causes glycogenolysis by increasing cyclic-AMP formation.
Formed by methylation of norepinephrine using S-adenosylmethionine.
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| function of indole, 5/6 qunone | An intermediate of melanin formation with an indole ring (normally found in tryptophan). The ring nitrogen comes from the a-amino group.
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| function of melanin | The chief skin pigment.
A polymer of the indole derivative of tyrosine.
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| function of thyroxine | One of the thyroid hormones.
An important stimulus for growth and overall metabolic rate.
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| function of creatine | Travels through the bloodstream to muscle where it is converted to creatine phosphate, an energy reserve for resupplying ATP to tissues.
Synthesized through reactions in the kidney and subsequently the liver.
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