Lipids
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on it to display the answer.
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| laurate | 12:0 fatty acid
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| myristate | 14:0 fatty acid
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| stearate | 18:0 fatty acid
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| arachidate | 20:0 fatty acid
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| oleate | 18:1 ω9 fatty acid
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| Linoleate | 18:2 ω6 fatty acid
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| Linolenate | 18:3 ω3 fatty acid
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| general steps of beta-oxidation | oxidation, hydration, oxidation, thiolysis
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| energy requirement for activation of CoA ester | -2 ATP
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| acetoacetate | ketone body
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| B-hydroxybutyrate | ketone body
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| acetone | ketone body
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| B-hydroxy-B-methylglutaryl-CoA | precursor for ketone body formation
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| arachidonic acid | 20:4 n-6
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| chylomicron apoproteins | A-1, B-48, C-II, E
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| LDL apoproteins | B-100,
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| VLDL apoproteins | B-100, C-II, E
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| IDL apoproteins | B-100
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| HDL apoproteins | A-1, C-II, E
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| energy production per step of B-oxidation | 1 NADH
1 FADH2
1 Acetyl CoA
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| palmitate | 16:0 Fatty acid
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| C10 unit in cholesterol production | geranyl pyrophosphate
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| C15 unit in cholesterol production | farnesyl pyrophosphate
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| C30 unit of cholesterol production | squalene
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| Sandhoff's disease | Hexosaminidase A & B deficiency
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| Krabbe's disease | Galactosyl ceramide B-galactosyl hydrolase
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| Tay-Sachs disease | Hexosaminidase A deficiency
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| Fabry's disease | a-Galactosidase deficiency
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| Gaucher's disease | B-Glucosidase deficiency
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| Niemann-Pick disease | Sphingomyelinase deficiency
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| Eicosanoids | leukotrienes and lipoxins
prostaglandins
thromboxanes
prostacyclins
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| leukotrienes | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme lipoxygenase
LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, LTA4
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| prostaglandins | PGI2, PGE2, PGF2a
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| cyclooxygenase | Enzyme responsible for forming prostanoids.
Inhibited by Aspirin, Acetominaphen, Ibuprofen, Celebrex
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| Thromboxanes | TXA2
Promotes platelet aggregation
Produced mostly by platelets
Decreases cAMP production
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| metachromatic leukodystrophy | sulfatase
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| LTB4 | Leukotriene
Increased leukocyte chemotaxis
Release of lysosomal enzymes
Aggregation of white blood cells
Bronchoconstriction
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| PGI2 | Prostaglandin
Vasodilation
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Produced primarily by vessel endothelium
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| TXA2 | type of Thromboxane
Promotes plately aggregation
Produced mostly by platelets
Decreases cAMP production
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| lipoxygenase | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
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| prostanoids | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme cyclooxygenases.
Further classified into prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins
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