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Lipids
| A | B |
|---|---|
| laurate | 12:0 fatty acid |
| myristate | 14:0 fatty acid |
| stearate | 18:0 fatty acid |
| arachidate | 20:0 fatty acid |
| oleate | 18:1 ω9 fatty acid |
| Linoleate | 18:2 ω6 fatty acid |
| Linolenate | 18:3 ω3 fatty acid |
| general steps of beta-oxidation | oxidation, hydration, oxidation, thiolysis |
| energy requirement for activation of CoA ester | -2 ATP |
| acetoacetate | ketone body |
| B-hydroxybutyrate | ketone body |
| acetone | ketone body |
| B-hydroxy-B-methylglutaryl-CoA | precursor for ketone body formation |
| arachidonic acid | 20:4 n-6 |
| chylomicron apoproteins | A-1, B-48, C-II, E |
| LDL apoproteins | B-100, |
| VLDL apoproteins | B-100, C-II, E |
| IDL apoproteins | B-100 |
| HDL apoproteins | A-1, C-II, E |
| energy production per step of B-oxidation | 1 NADH 1 FADH2 1 Acetyl CoA |
| palmitate | 16:0 Fatty acid |
| C10 unit in cholesterol production | geranyl pyrophosphate |
| C15 unit in cholesterol production | farnesyl pyrophosphate |
| C30 unit of cholesterol production | squalene |
| Sandhoff's disease | Hexosaminidase A & B deficiency |
| Krabbe's disease | Galactosyl ceramide B-galactosyl hydrolase |
| Tay-Sachs disease | Hexosaminidase A deficiency |
| Fabry's disease | a-Galactosidase deficiency |
| Gaucher's disease | B-Glucosidase deficiency |
| Niemann-Pick disease | Sphingomyelinase deficiency |
| Eicosanoids | leukotrienes and lipoxins prostaglandins thromboxanes prostacyclins |
| leukotrienes | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme lipoxygenase LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, LTA4 |
| prostaglandins | PGI2, PGE2, PGF2a |
| cyclooxygenase | Enzyme responsible for forming prostanoids. Inhibited by Aspirin, Acetominaphen, Ibuprofen, Celebrex |
| Thromboxanes | TXA2 Promotes platelet aggregation Produced mostly by platelets Decreases cAMP production |
| metachromatic leukodystrophy | sulfatase |
| LTB4 | Leukotriene Increased leukocyte chemotaxis Release of lysosomal enzymes Aggregation of white blood cells Bronchoconstriction |
| PGI2 | Prostaglandin Vasodilation Inhibits platelet aggregation Produced primarily by vessel endothelium |
| TXA2 | type of Thromboxane Promotes plately aggregation Produced mostly by platelets Decreases cAMP production |
| lipoxygenase | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
| prostanoids | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme cyclooxygenases. Further classified into prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins |