C.10 Nervous System
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| Control center. Consists of brain and spinal cord. | Central Nervous System
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| Subdivided into several smaller units. Consists of all the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord w/ sensory receptors, muscles, and glands. | Peripheral Nervous System
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| Consists of sensory neurons that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to brain and spinal cord. | Afferent Peripheral System
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| Consists of motor neurons that convey information from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. | Efferent Peripheral System
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| Conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscle, causing us to react to changes in environment. | Somatic Nervous System
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| Conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to smooth muscle tissue, to cardiac muscle tissue, and to glands. | Autonomic Nervous System
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| Speeds up activity, involves energy expenditure, uses norepinephrine. | Sypathetic division
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| speeds up body's vegetative activities(digestion), slows down other activites, uses acetylcholine. | Parasympathetic division
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| Groupings of nerve cells | Neurons
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| Bundle of nerve cells or fibers | Nerve
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| Cells that perform support and protection | Neuroglia/glial cells
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| Star-shaped cells that function in the blood-brain barrier to prevent toxic substances from entering brain | Astrocytes
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| Provide support, connection, and produce the fatty myelin sheath on the neurons of the brain and spinal cord in the CNS | Oligodendroglia
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| Involved in the phagocytosis of unwanted substances | Microglia
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| Form the lining of the cavities in the brain and spinal cord | Ependymal cells
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| Located only in the PNS and make up the neurilemma and myelin sheath | Schwann cells
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| Ribosomes attached to the ER, also called chromatophilic substance, where protein synthesis occurs | Nissl bodies
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| Short and branched, like branches of trees | Dendrites
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| long process/fiber that begins singly but may branch | Axon
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| Many fine extensions that contact with dendrites of other neurons | Axon terminals
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| Have several dendrites and one axon. Most neurons in brain and spinal cord are this type. | Multipolar neurons
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| Single cells called Schwann cells aka ______ | Neurolemmocytes
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| Gaps in the myelin sheath | Nodes of Ranvier
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| One dendrite and one axon | Bipolar neurons
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| Have only one process extending from the cell body | Unipolar neuron
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| 1st nerve cell receiving impulse, unipolar | Afferent neuron
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| 2nd nerve cell receiving impulse, multipolar, transmit sensory impulse to appropriate part | Association neuron
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| Final cell receiving impulse, multipolar, brings about the reaction to the stimulus | Efferent neuron
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| The ionic and electrical charge around a nerve fiber that is not transmitting an impulse. | Membrane/resting potential
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| Reversal of electrical charge | Depolarization
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| Restoration of original charge to the nerve cell | Repolarization
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| Areas where the terminal branches of an axon are anchored close to, but not touching, the ends of the dendrites of another neuron | Synapses
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| Involuntary reaction to external stimuli | Reflex
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| Pathway that results in a reflex | Reflex arc
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| Groups of myelinated axons from many neurons supported by neuroglia | White matter
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| Nerve cell bodies and dendrites, also bundles of unmyelinated axons and their neuroglia | Gray matter
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| Gray matter on the surface of the brain | Cortex
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| Nerve cell bodies grouped together outside the CNS | Ganglia
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| Bundle of fibers inside the CNS | Tract
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| Mass of nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the CNS, consisting of the gray matter | Nucleus
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| Areas of gray matter in the spinal cord | Horns
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| A series of connective tissue membranes | Meninges
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| Outermost spinal meninx, "tough mother" | Dura mater
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| Middle spinal meninx, "spider layer" | Arachnoid layer
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| Innermost spinal meninx, "delicate mother" | Pia mater
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| Sensory root, contains only sensory nerve fibers | Posterior/dorsal root
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| Motor root, contains only motor nerves | Anterior/ventral root
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