Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch. 7
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| bones provide | protection & support, make movement possible, produce blood cells, & store & realease calcium & phosphorus
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| osteoblasts | create bone
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| osteocytes | mature bone cells (have limited life span)
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| osteoclasts (remodeling) | constanly breaking them down & reabsorbing the remaining material
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| ossification/osteogenesis | process of bone formation
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| axial skeleton | cranial bones, facial bones, vertebral column, thoracic cage, & hyoid bone
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| appendicular skeleton | pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, & arms & legs
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| pectoral girdle | connects the arms to the thoracic cage)
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| pelvic girdle | connects the legs to the axial skeleton
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| CRANIAL BONES (skull) | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bone
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| FACIAL BONES are | nasal bones, zygomatic bones, vomer, maxilla, mandible, nasal conchae (or turbinates), & lacrimal bones
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| mandible | lower jaw
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| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | mandible unites w/temporal bone of the skull to form the only movable bone of the skull
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| VERTEBRAL COLUMN (vertebrae) | illustrates the spine which consists of 33 bones
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| cervical vetebrae (C1-C7) | below the skull consists 7 vetebrae
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| thoracic (dorsal) vetebrae (T1-T12/D1-D12) | below cervical next to chest area which consists 12 vetebrae
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| lumbar vetebrae (L1-L5) | below thoraric which is near lower back which consists 5 vetebrae
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| sacrum (SAY-krum) (S1-S5) | below the lumbar which consists of 5 fused bones
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| coccyx (KOCK-sicks) | tailbone below sacrum which consists of 4 fused bones
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| intervertebral discs (made of cartilage) | b/w the vertebrae are little round shock absorbes (absorb much of the shock of movement & jumping)
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| annulus fibrosus (AN-you-lus figh-BROH-sus) | tough outer layer
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| nucleus pulposus (NEW-klee-us pul-POH-sus) | soft, gel-like inner portion
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| slipped or herniated disc | common & painful condition when some of the gel material pushes the ourter layer out of its normal posistion, nerves are pinched
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| THORACIC CAGE (chest, torso) | consists of sternum (breastbone), 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae
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| frontal bone | forehead
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| temporal bones | temples
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| zygoma | cheek
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| maxilla | upper jaw
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| appendicular skeleton | pectoral & pelvic girdle, upper & lower extremity
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| PECTORAL GIRDLE | clavicles & scapulae
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| clavicles (KLAV-ih-kulz) | collarbones
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| scapulae (SKAP-you-lee) | shoulder blades
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| PELVIC GIRDLE | consists of 2 coxal bones, joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis & posteriorly at the sacrum
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| coxal (KOCKS-al) | 2 hips
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| ea hip contains 3 segments that become fused | ilium (ILL-ee-um), ischium (ISS-kee-um), & pubis (PEW-bis)
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| acetabulum (as-eh-TAB-you-lum) | hip socket (allows the head of the femur to fit into it, forming the hip joint)
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| symphysis (SIM-fih-sis) pubis | right & left hip bones form a circle by joining with each other anteriorly
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| sacroiliac (say-kroh-ILL-ee-ack) | right & left hip bones form by joining each other posteriorly
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| UPPER EXTREMITY (arm and hand) | consists of the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, & phalanges
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| humerus | upper arm
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| ulna & radius | forearm (lower arm)
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| olecranon (oh-LEK-rah-non) process | elbow
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| carpal (have 8 bones arranged in 2 rows) | wrist
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| metacarpals | hand bones (number I - IV)
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| phalanges (fah-LAN-jeez) | fingers & toes
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| interphalangeal joints (IP joints) | finger bones that are connected
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| LOWER EXTREMITY (leg & foot) | femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, malleolus, metatarsals, phalanges, & calcaneus
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| femur (FEE-mur) | thighbone
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| patella (pah-TEL-ah) | knee
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| tibia (TIB-ee-ah) | shin
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| fibula (FIB-you-lah) | is the lateral bone of the lower leg
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| metatarsals (met-ah-TAHR-salz) | foot bones
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| calcaneus | heel
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| joint | union b/w two bones
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| joint structures consist of | articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, & joint capsule
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| radiocarpal | joint b/w the radius & the wrist
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| iliofemoral | joint b/w the ilium & the femur
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| kyph/o | humpback
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| lord/o | swayback
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| ped/o | child
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| scoli/o | curved
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| tempor/o | temporal bone
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| -porosis | porous
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| -oma | tumor; mass
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| myeloma (my-el-LOH-mah) | benign tumor of the bone marrow
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| oste/o | bone
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| osteomyelitis (oss-tee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & bone marrow
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| osteitis (os-tee-EYE-tis) | inflammatin of the bone
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| osteochondritis (os-tee-oh-kon-DRYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & cartilage
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| -cyte | cell
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| osteocyte (OS-tee-oh-sight) | mature bone cell
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| osteoma (os-tee-OH-mah) | benign tumor of bone
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| -tome | instrument used to cut
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| osteotome (OS-tee-oh-tohm) | instrument used to cut bone
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| -tomy | process of cutting; incision
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| osteotomy (oss-tee-OT-oh-mee) | process of cutting bone
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| -um | structure
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| endo- | within
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| endosteum (en-DOS-tee-um) | inner lining of the shaft (long slender portion) of a long bone such as the tibia or ulna
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| peri- | around
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| osse/o; oste/o | bone
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| periosteum (per-ee-OS-te-um) | the structure around the shaft of a long bone
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| AXIAL SKELETON | (blank)
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| 1&2.) skull & facial bones | (blank)
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| -al | pertaining to
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| faci/o | face
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| craniofacial | pertaining to the skull & face
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| -plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction
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| cranioplasty | surgical repair of the skull
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| -tomy | incision
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| craniotomy | incision nto the skull
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| mandibul/o | mandible; lower jaw
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| mandibular | pertaining to the lower jaw
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| tempor/o | temporal bone
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| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | pertaining to the joint b/w the temporal
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| maxill/o | maxilla; upper jaw
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| maxillary | pertaining to the upper jaw
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| 3.) Thoracic Cage | sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| plasia- | development; formation
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| a- | no; not; inadequate
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| achondroplasia (ah-koh-droh-PLAY-zee-ah) | inadequate cartilage formation, resulting in a type of dwarfism
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| -cyte | cell
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| -oma | tumor; mass
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| chondroma | benign tumor of cartilage
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| cost/o | rib
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| -al | pertaining to
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| costochondral | pertaining to ribs & cartilage
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| sub- | under
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| subcostal | pertaining to under the ribs
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| stern/o | sternum; breastbone
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| costosternal | pertaining to the ribs & sternum
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| 4.) Vertebrae | include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & coccygeal bones
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Created by:
ltravis
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