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MT Ch. 7
Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch. 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bones provide | protection & support, make movement possible, produce blood cells, & store & realease calcium & phosphorus |
| osteoblasts | create bone |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells (have limited life span) |
| osteoclasts (remodeling) | constanly breaking them down & reabsorbing the remaining material |
| ossification/osteogenesis | process of bone formation |
| axial skeleton | cranial bones, facial bones, vertebral column, thoracic cage, & hyoid bone |
| appendicular skeleton | pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, & arms & legs |
| pectoral girdle | connects the arms to the thoracic cage) |
| pelvic girdle | connects the legs to the axial skeleton |
| CRANIAL BONES (skull) | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bone |
| FACIAL BONES are | nasal bones, zygomatic bones, vomer, maxilla, mandible, nasal conchae (or turbinates), & lacrimal bones |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | mandible unites w/temporal bone of the skull to form the only movable bone of the skull |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN (vertebrae) | illustrates the spine which consists of 33 bones |
| cervical vetebrae (C1-C7) | below the skull consists 7 vetebrae |
| thoracic (dorsal) vetebrae (T1-T12/D1-D12) | below cervical next to chest area which consists 12 vetebrae |
| lumbar vetebrae (L1-L5) | below thoraric which is near lower back which consists 5 vetebrae |
| sacrum (SAY-krum) (S1-S5) | below the lumbar which consists of 5 fused bones |
| coccyx (KOCK-sicks) | tailbone below sacrum which consists of 4 fused bones |
| intervertebral discs (made of cartilage) | b/w the vertebrae are little round shock absorbes (absorb much of the shock of movement & jumping) |
| annulus fibrosus (AN-you-lus figh-BROH-sus) | tough outer layer |
| nucleus pulposus (NEW-klee-us pul-POH-sus) | soft, gel-like inner portion |
| slipped or herniated disc | common & painful condition when some of the gel material pushes the ourter layer out of its normal posistion, nerves are pinched |
| THORACIC CAGE (chest, torso) | consists of sternum (breastbone), 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae |
| frontal bone | forehead |
| temporal bones | temples |
| zygoma | cheek |
| maxilla | upper jaw |
| appendicular skeleton | pectoral & pelvic girdle, upper & lower extremity |
| PECTORAL GIRDLE | clavicles & scapulae |
| clavicles (KLAV-ih-kulz) | collarbones |
| scapulae (SKAP-you-lee) | shoulder blades |
| PELVIC GIRDLE | consists of 2 coxal bones, joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis & posteriorly at the sacrum |
| coxal (KOCKS-al) | 2 hips |
| ea hip contains 3 segments that become fused | ilium (ILL-ee-um), ischium (ISS-kee-um), & pubis (PEW-bis) |
| acetabulum (as-eh-TAB-you-lum) | hip socket (allows the head of the femur to fit into it, forming the hip joint) |
| symphysis (SIM-fih-sis) pubis | right & left hip bones form a circle by joining with each other anteriorly |
| sacroiliac (say-kroh-ILL-ee-ack) | right & left hip bones form by joining each other posteriorly |
| UPPER EXTREMITY (arm and hand) | consists of the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, & phalanges |
| humerus | upper arm |
| ulna & radius | forearm (lower arm) |
| olecranon (oh-LEK-rah-non) process | elbow |
| carpal (have 8 bones arranged in 2 rows) | wrist |
| metacarpals | hand bones (number I - IV) |
| phalanges (fah-LAN-jeez) | fingers & toes |
| interphalangeal joints (IP joints) | finger bones that are connected |
| LOWER EXTREMITY (leg & foot) | femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, malleolus, metatarsals, phalanges, & calcaneus |
| femur (FEE-mur) | thighbone |
| patella (pah-TEL-ah) | knee |
| tibia (TIB-ee-ah) | shin |
| fibula (FIB-you-lah) | is the lateral bone of the lower leg |
| metatarsals (met-ah-TAHR-salz) | foot bones |
| calcaneus | heel |
| joint | union b/w two bones |
| joint structures consist of | articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, & joint capsule |
| radiocarpal | joint b/w the radius & the wrist |
| iliofemoral | joint b/w the ilium & the femur |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lord/o | swayback |
| ped/o | child |
| scoli/o | curved |
| tempor/o | temporal bone |
| -porosis | porous |
| -oma | tumor; mass |
| myeloma (my-el-LOH-mah) | benign tumor of the bone marrow |
| oste/o | bone |
| osteomyelitis (oss-tee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & bone marrow |
| osteitis (os-tee-EYE-tis) | inflammatin of the bone |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| osteochondritis (os-tee-oh-kon-DRYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & cartilage |
| -cyte | cell |
| osteocyte (OS-tee-oh-sight) | mature bone cell |
| osteoma (os-tee-OH-mah) | benign tumor of bone |
| -tome | instrument used to cut |
| osteotome (OS-tee-oh-tohm) | instrument used to cut bone |
| -tomy | process of cutting; incision |
| osteotomy (oss-tee-OT-oh-mee) | process of cutting bone |
| -um | structure |
| endo- | within |
| endosteum (en-DOS-tee-um) | inner lining of the shaft (long slender portion) of a long bone such as the tibia or ulna |
| peri- | around |
| osse/o; oste/o | bone |
| periosteum (per-ee-OS-te-um) | the structure around the shaft of a long bone |
| AXIAL SKELETON | (blank) |
| 1&2.) skull & facial bones | (blank) |
| -al | pertaining to |
| faci/o | face |
| craniofacial | pertaining to the skull & face |
| -plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction |
| cranioplasty | surgical repair of the skull |
| -tomy | incision |
| craniotomy | incision nto the skull |
| mandibul/o | mandible; lower jaw |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| mandibular | pertaining to the lower jaw |
| tempor/o | temporal bone |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | pertaining to the joint b/w the temporal |
| maxill/o | maxilla; upper jaw |
| maxillary | pertaining to the upper jaw |
| 3.) Thoracic Cage | sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| plasia- | development; formation |
| a- | no; not; inadequate |
| achondroplasia (ah-koh-droh-PLAY-zee-ah) | inadequate cartilage formation, resulting in a type of dwarfism |
| -cyte | cell |
| -oma | tumor; mass |
| chondroma | benign tumor of cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| -al | pertaining to |
| costochondral | pertaining to ribs & cartilage |
| sub- | under |
| subcostal | pertaining to under the ribs |
| stern/o | sternum; breastbone |
| costosternal | pertaining to the ribs & sternum |
| 4.) Vertebrae | include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & coccygeal bones |
Created by:
ltravis
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