Unit II Final Exam Study Cards
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| Equestrians | Economic/Business - Bankers, Tax Collectors, Exporters, High Ranking Military (Calvary)
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| Commons | Military/Skilled Labor - : Artisans, Merchants, Small Farmers, Foot Soldier
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| Slaves | Non-Citizens/Low Skill Labor - All undesirable Jobs
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| Free People | Non-Citizens/Semi-skilled Labor - Freed Slaves, Craftsmen, Midwives, Traders, Foreigners.
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| Senators | Political/Government, Judges, Lawyers, Consuls, Praetors, etc.
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| Senators | Controlled government
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| Senators | Could run for political office (and did!)
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| Equestrians | Conducted business that was forbidden to the senators
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| Equestrians | Could run for political office (but usually didn't)
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| Commons | Citizens who could run for political office of Tribune
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| Commons | Bulk of the infantry (foot soldiers)
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| Free People | Could NOT run for political office
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| Free People | Limited rights (not full citizen) - often foreign born
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| Slaves | No rights
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| Slaves | Considered Property
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| Trajan | Was the first non-Italian (Spanish) born emperor; He was officially declared by the Roman Senate as "optimus princepts" (the best ruler); He led the greatest military expansion of the Roman Empire and oversaw various building and social programs.
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| Hadrian | Cousin of Trajan, he became emperor after Trajan's death; is known for stopping expansion of the empire through military force and warfare.
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| Diocletian | Rose through the ranks of the military to take the role of emperor after a series of assassinations. He restored structure to the government after some civil unrest by dividing the empire into two halves - and eastern half and a western half.
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| Marcus Aurelius | Along with his brother Lucius Verus, was named to follow Hadrian as co-emperors. He became sole emperor after the death of his brother about eight years later. and named one of the 5 good emperors.
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| Marcus Aurelius | He became sole emperor after the death of his brother about eight years later. and named one of the 5 good emperors.
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| Trajan | He tried to help the poor, created schools, gave farmers back land that was taken from them. When he died, the Roman Empire is thought to be at its height.
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| T/F: Women were allowed to be part of politics or government and could even become lawyers or judges. | False: Women were not to leave the house.
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| T/F: Poor children were sent to public schools. | False: They were taught at home.
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| T/F: The poor folk cooked on open fires outside. | True
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| T/F: Most of the Roman gods/goddesses were "borrowed" from other cultures such as the Greeks and the Egyptians. | True
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| T/F: Public baths were a popular hangout for locals to catch up on gossip and politics | True
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| T/F: Farm life in Ancient Rome was very hard and most of the labor was done by slaves on large farms. | True
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| T/F: In the early days of the Republic, women could petition to divorce their husbands, if he had other girlfriends, but men could not divorce their wives for any reason. | False
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| T/F: Some wealthy families hired private tutors for their children. | True
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| T/F: Thermopolias were the roman version of fast food where people ate on the run. Pizza was a common food found there. | True
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| T/F: The Romans tolerated most religions from people they conquered and even had temples to gods from other cultures. | True
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| T/F: "Bread and Circuses" was a popular term used that meant what we would call dinner & entertainment. | True
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| T/F: Most farms were small, but on larger ones called villas, slaves did most of the hard labor. | True
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| T/F: A father had no say over his own children. He had to defer to the will of his wife in all matters regarding the family and children. | False: Mothers had little say over their own children.
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| T/F: Books were written on leaves and rolled up. | False: Books were written on scrolls and rolled up.
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| T/F: The poor ate foods such as fried grubs, mice cooked in honey, roasted parrots, jellyfish, and snails dipped in milk. | False: The poor ate simple meals of fish, porridge and vegetables.
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| T/F: Each Roman home had an alter where they prayed to Mars, the god of war, who is known as the patron. | False: They prayed to any favorite god or goddess.
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| T/F: Romans also enjoyed Gladiator games in the streets and at the Colosseum. | True
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| T/F: Commonly grown foods were grain, grapes (for wine), and olives. | True
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| T/F: Women married in their late twenties to ensure that they were healthy and mature enough to have children. | False: Women married very young, usually as soon as they were able to bear children.
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| T/F: Paper (scrolls) was very expensive so children wrote on wax tablets with a pointed stick. | True
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| T/F: Poor ate meals that consisted of honey covered mice and snails in milk. | False: The poor ate simple meals of fish, porridge and vegetables.
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| T/F: To stay in good favor with their gods, the Romans made offerings and frequent human sacrifices. | True
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| T/F: Circus Maximus was a popular chariot racing stadium holding over 20,000 people. Romans went there to be entertained. | True
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| T/F: The farmers produced much of the food for Rome and other cities. | True
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| T/F: Women gave birth at hospitals, but death during childbirth was very common. | False: Women gave birth at home.
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| T/F: All children school started around age 7 and stopped around age 11. | False: Most children went to school from 7 to around age 11.
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| T/F: Markets offered a variety of food choices in fruits, meats, and fish. | True
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| T/F: Festivals and Holy Days (holidays) were held throughout the year to honor various gods/goddesses. | True
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| T/F: The public showed their approval of a Gladiator by giving a thumbs up or thumbs down. If a losing Gladiator received a thumbs up from the emperor, he was killed. | True
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| T/F: Wealthy teens were often the labor force for farms. | False: Poor teens were often the labor force for farms.
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| T/F: Girls might continue schooling with tutors, but boys needed to learn how to be in the military. | False: Boys may continue to learn with a tutor, but girls had to learn how to care for the household.
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| T/F: Teenagers were expected to entertain guests at dinner parties by playing music or reciting poetry. | True
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| T/F: Eventually emperors saw themselves as gods and wanted to have offerings made in their honor at family altars and in public temples. | True
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| T/F: Both men and women fought as gladiators. | True
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| T/F: Gladiators were generally slaves and criminals. | True
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| T/F: The Year 500 CE is widely accepted as the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire. | False: The year 476 CE is widely accepted as the fall of Rome.
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| T/F: Emperor Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor of the western empire, is driven from Rome by invaders. | True
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| T/F: There is one singular cause that led to the collapse/fall of the Roman Empire: barbarian invasions. | False: Many causes led to the collapse of the Roman Empire.
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| T/F: The Eastern Empire (Byzantium) continues for another 100 years. | False: The Byzantium Empire lasted another 1000 years.
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| T/F: The Roman Empire continues to influence the world today. | True
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| Monotheism is: | the belief in one single, all-knowing, creator God.
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| The holy book of the Christian faith is called | the Bible.
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| Jesus (Christ) of Nazareth is the main prophet and thought to be: | the son of God.
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| The goal of Christianity is to live a life of _____ to please God. | virtue
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| Do Christians generally believe in angels? | Yes
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| Christianity grew out of which foundational religion? | Judaism
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| According to Christian beliefs, Jesus was killed (crucified) by the Romans under the reign of which emperor? | Tiberius
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| Christianity isn't openly tolerated/accepted in the Roman Empire until the reign of which Roman Emperor who is the first to convert to Christianity? | Constantine
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| Christianity was not an openly tolerated religion during the Roman era, forcing members to worship in secret. They used the symbol to communicate with each other. Which symbol was used. | Fish
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| The Christians refused to worship _____, making them targets for persecution forcing them to worship in secret. | the emperor as god
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| Some Emperors openly killed Christians for sport, in _____, and made the scapegoats for political/social problems. | gladiator rings
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| The Roman Emperor, Nero, blamed the Christians for _____ and killed over 2,000 | starting the Great Fire of Rome
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| The Visigoths and other Germanic tribes continued to push the western borders in violation of treaties. | Weakening Frontier
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| Unemployment was extremely high & Rome could not afford to continue to feed the poor. | Social Problems
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| Rome could not afford to feed its military or its poor. | Economic Problems
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| Rising unemployment meant a greater number of poor and homeless people needing assistance programs. | Economic Problems
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| Rome never solved its problem of how to appoint new leadership. | Political Instability
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| Each time a new emperor took power, new laws were introduced. | Political Instability
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| Rome did not have the support of a weakening and under supplied military. | Weakening Frontier
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| A long series of Roman Emperors were living short lives due to continued assassinations, most taking power for about a year. | Political Instability
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| Many people simply refused to work because it was easier to not work and take from the government than to work and earn less. | Economic Problems
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| Businesses were moving out of Rome because they were not earning enough money - with the businesses went the jobs. | Social Problems
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| The military lacked strong leadership. | Weakening Frontier
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| The widening gap between the rich and the poor meant a dissolving middle class. | Economic Problems
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| What are Romulus and Remus most famous for? | Founding the city of Rome
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| Who is Romulus and Remus' mother? | Rhea Silva
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| Who first cared for the boys when they were abandoned? | A she-wolf
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| What did Romulus and Remus first disagree on? | What hill to establish their new kingdom on
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| What hill did Romulus want to establish the city on? | Palatine Hill
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| How did Remus die? | Romulus killed him when Remus made fun of his wall
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| Who was the father of the twins? | Mars
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| How did Rome get its name? | Romulus named the city after himself
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| Where were the boys abandoned? | In a basket on the Tiber River
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| Who is considered to be the first king of Rome? | Romulus
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| Reflects Stoic ideals like duty and virtue, fairness and common sense, equal treatment and presumption of innocence. | Roman laws
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| Appian Way is still visited and walked on. | Roads
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| Based on realistic forms. | Sculptural Styles
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| Can be found in churches and government buildings | Mosaic
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| 1/3 of people in the world follow this. | Christianity
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| Similar systems exist today (citizens elect members and members pass laws, address the needs of the people). | Representative Government
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| More than half of English words are based on this. | Latin
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| Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.
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| Clovis | Leader of the Franks.
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| Republic | Power rests with the citizens.
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| Justinian I | Ruler of the Eastern Empire with his wife, Theodora.
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| Augustus | "Divine One"
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| Justinian Code | Legal code prepared under the direction of the Byzantinian emperor.
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| Empire | A group of different cultures or territories led by a single all-powerful leader
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| Schism | An official split between two groups.
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| Constantine | the Roman emperor who ended the persecution of Christians.
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| Related to the Christian church that developed in the Byzantine Empire and is not under the authority of the pope. | Roman Catholic
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| Byzantine Empire | The Eastern Roman Empire, ruled from Constantinople.
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| Roman Catholic | Related to the Christian church of the West under the authority of the pope.
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| emperor | The ruler of an empire.
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