AP Human Geo
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| define Ecumene |
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
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| What would non-ecumene mean? | portions of earth NOT occupied by permanent human settlement
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| Define arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area.
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| Define physiological density | The number of people supported by a unit of arable land
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| what occurs when the rate of physiological density increases | land becomes overpopulated
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| Define agricultural density |
The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
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| Define crude birth rate (CBR) | the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year
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| Define crude death rate (CDR) | the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
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| Define NIR | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate (after conversion to %)
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| What is the NIR today? | 1.2%
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| When did the global NIR peak, and what was it? | 1963, 2.2%
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| About how many people are being added to the world yearly? | 82 million people
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| Define doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
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| In what world regions is most growth occurring? | South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
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| Define total fertility rate | average number of children a women is expected to have throughout her childbearing years
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| What is the global average TFR | 2.5
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| note the rates and locations of the global highs and lows in TFR | high is Africa with 5.0
Low is Europe with 2.0
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| the shape of a pyramind is primarily determined by what demographic rate? | sex ratio
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| what is the dependency ratio? | The number of people who are to young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.
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| what age groups are categorized as dependent? | 0-14 and 65+
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| what does the "graying" of a population refer to ? | the increase in old people who need medical care after they retire
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| what is sex ratio? | the number of makes per hundred females
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| what types of countries/ regions are likely to have more males that females? Why? | Asian countries because of the child policies
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| the demographic transition is a ___________ with several _______ and every _______ is in one of the stages | process, stages, country
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| how many countries are still in stage one? | zero
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| how many countries are in stage 2 and 3 | majority of the countries
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| how many countries are in stage 4 | very few countries
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| What two strategies have been useful in reducing birth rates? | education and healthcare
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| Where was Malthus wrong? | the population did not outgrow food
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| Where was Malthus right? | He accurately estimated food production
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| What is the epidemiological transition? | Documents what causes death in each stage of the demographic transitions
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| define infant mortality rate | the number of deaths of infants under age of 1 per 1000 live births in given year
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| define life expectancy | the number of years a person can expect to live
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| How is our population distributed across the Earth | it is very unevenly distributed
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| areas too dry for farming cover approximately how much of Earth s surface? | 20%
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| What are wet areas? | Areas that receive high levels of precipitation
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| Where are wet areas located? | Near the equator
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| Where are the cold areas located? | Near the north and south poles
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| Define carrying capacity | Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support
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| Epidemiology | the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
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| What is the epidemiology transition model? | The shift in diseases as a country develops
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| What order does the epidemiology transition model go through? | Endemic, epidemic, pandemic
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| What is endemic? | a disease native to a region
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| What is epidemic | a disease that spreads to another region
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| What is pandemic | a disease that spreads worldwide
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| What is the first stage of ETM | age of pestilence and famine
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| What is the 2nd stage of ETM | age of receding pandemics
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| What is the 3rd stage of ETM | age of degenerative and human made diseases
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| What is the 4th stage of ETM | age of delayed degeneratve disease
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| What is the 5th stage of ETM | return of infectious diseases
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| What is and example of stage 1 of ETM | death by animal and human attacks
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| What is the example of stage 2 of ETM | public health form water or sewage
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| Example of stage 3 of ETM | smoking and getting lung cancer
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| Example of stage 4 of ETM | Maybe cancer or heart disease but can be delayed
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| Example of stage 5 of ETM | AIDS, Malaria
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| What is the population pyramid? | a population pyramid is a graph that shows the characteristics between the age structure and female/male ratio. You can determine a country's development by looking at its population pyramid
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| What is the birth and death rate in stage 1 of DTM | birth high death high
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| What is birth and death rate in stage 2 of DTM | birth high death falling rapidly
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| What is the birth and death rate in stage 3 of DTM | birth falling death falls more slowly
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| What is the birth and death rate in stage 4 of DTM | birth low death low
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| What is birth and death rate in stage 5 of DTM | birth very low death low
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