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AP Human Geo
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| What would non-ecumene mean? | portions of earth NOT occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Define arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Define physiological density | The number of people supported by a unit of arable land |
| what occurs when the rate of physiological density increases | land becomes overpopulated |
| Define agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
| Define crude birth rate (CBR) | the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year |
| Define crude death rate (CDR) | the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year |
| Define NIR | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate (after conversion to %) |
| What is the NIR today? | 1.2% |
| When did the global NIR peak, and what was it? | 1963, 2.2% |
| About how many people are being added to the world yearly? | 82 million people |
| Define doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| In what world regions is most growth occurring? | South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Define total fertility rate | average number of children a women is expected to have throughout her childbearing years |
| What is the global average TFR | 2.5 |
| note the rates and locations of the global highs and lows in TFR | high is Africa with 5.0 Low is Europe with 2.0 |
| the shape of a pyramind is primarily determined by what demographic rate? | sex ratio |
| what is the dependency ratio? | The number of people who are to young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years. |
| what age groups are categorized as dependent? | 0-14 and 65+ |
| what does the "graying" of a population refer to ? | the increase in old people who need medical care after they retire |
| what is sex ratio? | the number of makes per hundred females |
| what types of countries/ regions are likely to have more males that females? Why? | Asian countries because of the child policies |
| the demographic transition is a ___________ with several _______ and every _______ is in one of the stages | process, stages, country |
| how many countries are still in stage one? | zero |
| how many countries are in stage 2 and 3 | majority of the countries |
| how many countries are in stage 4 | very few countries |
| What two strategies have been useful in reducing birth rates? | education and healthcare |
| Where was Malthus wrong? | the population did not outgrow food |
| Where was Malthus right? | He accurately estimated food production |
| What is the epidemiological transition? | Documents what causes death in each stage of the demographic transitions |
| define infant mortality rate | the number of deaths of infants under age of 1 per 1000 live births in given year |
| define life expectancy | the number of years a person can expect to live |
| How is our population distributed across the Earth | it is very unevenly distributed |
| areas too dry for farming cover approximately how much of Earth s surface? | 20% |
| What are wet areas? | Areas that receive high levels of precipitation |
| Where are wet areas located? | Near the equator |
| Where are the cold areas located? | Near the north and south poles |
| Define carrying capacity | Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support |
| Epidemiology | the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population |
| What is the epidemiology transition model? | The shift in diseases as a country develops |
| What order does the epidemiology transition model go through? | Endemic, epidemic, pandemic |
| What is endemic? | a disease native to a region |
| What is epidemic | a disease that spreads to another region |
| What is pandemic | a disease that spreads worldwide |
| What is the first stage of ETM | age of pestilence and famine |
| What is the 2nd stage of ETM | age of receding pandemics |
| What is the 3rd stage of ETM | age of degenerative and human made diseases |
| What is the 4th stage of ETM | age of delayed degeneratve disease |
| What is the 5th stage of ETM | return of infectious diseases |
| What is and example of stage 1 of ETM | death by animal and human attacks |
| What is the example of stage 2 of ETM | public health form water or sewage |
| Example of stage 3 of ETM | smoking and getting lung cancer |
| Example of stage 4 of ETM | Maybe cancer or heart disease but can be delayed |
| Example of stage 5 of ETM | AIDS, Malaria |
| What is the population pyramid? | a population pyramid is a graph that shows the characteristics between the age structure and female/male ratio. You can determine a country's development by looking at its population pyramid |
| What is the birth and death rate in stage 1 of DTM | birth high death high |
| What is birth and death rate in stage 2 of DTM | birth high death falling rapidly |
| What is the birth and death rate in stage 3 of DTM | birth falling death falls more slowly |
| What is the birth and death rate in stage 4 of DTM | birth low death low |
| What is birth and death rate in stage 5 of DTM | birth very low death low |
Created by:
rachelmccoy
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