test 3 block 1
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| What vitamin is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, alcohol, and some amino acids? | Thiamin (B1)
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| A deficiency in what vitamin causes fatigue, weakness, nerve disorders, mental confusion, apathy, impaired growth, swelling, heart irregularity, and failure? | Thiamin (B1)
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| What vitamin is a coenzyme involved in the energy metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, as well as cell division, the promotion of growth and tissue repair, and the promotion of normal vision? | Riboflavin (B2)
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| What vitamin has reddened lips, cracks at both corners of the mouth and fatigue listed as the symptoms of deficiency? | Riboflavin (B2)
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| What vitamin is required for the growth and maintenance of nerve and muscle tissues and is required for normal appetite? | Thiamin (B1)
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| What vitamin is involved in the synthesis of body fats and helps maintain normal nervous system fxns? | Niacin (B3)
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| The dietary deficiency in what nutrient typically manifests as skin disorders along with diarrhea and indigestion? | Niacin (B3)
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| What vitamin is involved in amino acid, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis and is responsible for the conversion of trptophan to niacin? | Vitamin B6
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| What vitamin deficiency presents itself in the form of convulsions, muscular weakness, dermatitis around the eyes, anemia, and kidney stones? | Vitamin B6
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| What vitamin is required for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and serves as a methyl group donor in DNA synthesis? | Folate
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| What deficiency presents itself as increased blood homocysteine levels and is also responsible for neural tube defects? | Folate
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| What vitamin RDA is set at 400 mcg? | Folate
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| What is the upper limit for folate intake? | 1000 mcg
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| What vitamin is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and myelin? | vitamin b12
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| What vitamin deficiency has pernicious anemia as its symptom? | vitamin b12
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| What vitamin is required by enzymes involved in fat, protein, and glycogen metabolism? | biotin
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| What dietary deficiency is characterized by nausea, hair loss, dry and scaly skin, and muscular pain? | biotin
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| What vitamins have little to no danger from overdose? | riboflavin, vitamin b12, biotin, panthothenic acid
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| What are some good food sources of thiamin? | grains, pork and ham, liver, diary, dried beans and nuts
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| What group of people tend to be deficient in thiamin? | alcoholics
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| What are some good sources of riboflavin? | dairy, grains, liver, poultry, fish, beef, eggs
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| What vitamin lists flushing, headache, cramps, rapid heartbeat, nausea, diarrhea, and decreased liver fxn with doses above 0.5 g per day? | Niacin
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| Much of our niacin intake comes from what amino acid? | tryptophan
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| What vitamin lists bone pain, loss of feeling in fingers and toes, muscular weakness, numbness, andn loss of balance as overdose symptoms? | Vitamin B6
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| What are some good sources of vitamin b6? | grains, bananas, avocados, prunes, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, liver, dried beans, meats, milk, green and leafy vegetables
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| Overdose of what vitamin may cover up signs of vitamin b12 deficiency? | folate
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| What are some good sources of folate? | fortified grains, dark green leafy vegetables, broccoli, brussels sprouts, oranges, bananas, grapefruit, dairy, beans
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| What are some good sources of vitamin b12? | animal products, dairy, ready to eat cereals
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| What two groups of people are at risk for developing a vitamin b12 deficency? | older people and vegans
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| What are some good sources of biotin? | grains, meats, dried beans, cooked eggs, vegetables
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| How might a biotin deficiency be induced? | through the overconsumption of raw eggs
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| What vitamin serves as a coenzyme involved in energy metabolism? | pantothenic acid
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| What are some signs of pantothenic acid defiency? | fatigue, sleep disturbances, numbness, impaired coordination, vomiting, nausea
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| What vitamin is required for collagen synthesis and acts as an antioxidant? | vitamin C
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| What vitamin lists bleeding and bruising easily, slow recovery from infections, and poor wound healing as deficiency symptoms? | vitamin C
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| What is the recommended dosage for vitamin C each day? | women: 75 mgmen: 90 mg
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| What is the upper limit for vitamin C intake? | 2000 mg
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| What vitamin is needed for the formation and maintenance of mucous membranes and for vision in dim light? | Vitamin A
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| The deficiency of what vitamin can lead to impaired vision? | Vitamin A
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| What is the RDA for vitamin A? | women: 700 mcgmen: 900 mcg
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| What is considered the upper limit for vitamin A intake? | 3000 mcg
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| What vitamin acts as an antioxidant and prevents damage to cell membranes by reparing damage caused by free radicals? | Vitamin E
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| The deficiency of what vitamin can lead to muscle loss, nerve damage, anemia, and weakness? | Vitamin E
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| What is the RDA for Vitamin E? | women: 15 mgmen: 15 mg
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| What is considered the upper limit for vitamin E intake? | 1000 mg
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| What vitamin is required for calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the intestines and bones? | Vitamin D
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| What vitamin lists a loss of calcium from bones as a deficiency in adults? | Vitamin D
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| What is the RDA for vitamin D? | women: 5 mcgmen: 5 mcg
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| What is considered the upper limit for vitamin D intake? | 50 mcg
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| What are some good sources of pantothentic acid? | many foods, including meats, grains, vegetables, fruits, and milk
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| How common is a pantothenic acid deficiency? | it is rare
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| An overdose of what vitamin can increase the risk for developing kidney stones? | vitamin C
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| What are some good sources of vitamin C? | fruits and vegetables
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| What group of individuals may need more vitamin C in their diet? | smokers
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| What are some consequences of vitamin A overdose? | nausea, irritability, blurred vision, weakness, liver damage, birth defects
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| What are some good sources of vitamin A? | animal products, ready to eat cereals
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| Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity may mimic what two medical conditions? | brain tumors and liver disease
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| What are some consequences of vitamin E toxicity? | increase in bleeding and clotting time
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| What are some good sources of vitamin E? | fatty foods, whole grains, leafy veggies
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| What fxn does vitamin E have in oils? | It protects the fat from breakdown due to free radicals.
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| What are some symptoms of vitamin D toxicity? | mental retardation in young children, abnormal bone growth, deposition of calcium in organs
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| What are some good sources of vitamin D? | fortified products, butter, fish, eggs, mushrooms
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| Are yogurt, cheese, and icecream fortified with vitamin D? | No
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| Is milk fortified with vitamin D? | yes
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| How do you get vitamin D from sunlight? | It is manufactered from cholesterol in the cells beneath the surface of the skin upon exposure to sunlight.
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| What vitamin is involved in the regulation of synthesis of blood clotting proteins and aids in the incorporation of calcium into bones? | Vitamin K
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| What vitamin deficiency may be induced by the long-term use of antiobiotics, causing bleeding and bruising? | Vitamin K
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| What mineral is a component of bones and teeth and is required for muscle and nerve activity? | Calcium
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| what are some symptoms of calcium deficiency? | osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, convulsions, muscle spasms
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| What are the AIs and UL for calcium? | women: 1000 mgmen: 1000 mgUL: 2500 mg
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| What mineral is a component of certain enzymes and other substances involved in energy formation? | phosphorus
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| What are some symptoms of phosphorus deficiency? | loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, confusion, loss of calcium from bones
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| What mineral is needed for nerve activity and activates enyzmes involved in energy and protein formation? | magnesium
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| What are some symptoms of magnesium deficiency? | stunted growth in children, weakness, muscle spasms, personality changes
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| What mineral transports oxygen as a component of hemoglobin in RBCs and is also a component of myoglobin? | Iron
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| What are some symptoms of iron deficiency? | weakness, fatigue, pale appearance, reduced attention span and resistance to infection, mental retardation and developmental delay in children
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| What is the RDA and UL for iron? | women: 18 mgmen: 8 mgUL: 45 mg
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| What mineral is required for the activation of many enzymes involved in the reproduction of proteins and is a component of insulin? | zinc
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| What are some symptoms of zinc deficiency? | growth failure, delayed sexual maturation, slow wound healing, loss of taste and appetite, low-birth weight infants
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| What is the RDA and UL for zinc? | women: 8 mgmen: 11 mgUL: 40 mg
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| What mineral is a component of tooth enamel? | fluoride
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| What are some signs of fluoride deficiency? | tooth decay and other dental diseases
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| What mineral is a component of thyroid hormones that helps regulate production and growth? | Iodine
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| What are some symptoms of iodine deficiency? | goiter, cretinism
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| What are some consequences of calcium overdose? | drowsiness, calcium deposits in organs, decreased zinc absorption
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| What are some good sources of calcium? | dairy products, broccoli, dried beans
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| What percentage of women in the U.S develop osteoporosis? | 25%
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| What are some consequences of phosphorus overdose? | muscle spasms
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| What are some good sources of phosphorus? | meats, seeds, phosphates added to foods, dairy products
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| What phosphorus deficiency usually related to? | disease processes
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| What are some symptoms of magnesium overdose? | diarrhea, dehydration, impaired nerve activity due to disrupted utilization of calcium
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| What are some good sources of magnesium? | plant foods, milk, bread, coffee
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| Do most Americans meet the RDA for magnesium? | No
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| What are some consquences of iron overdose? | hemochromoatosis, blue coloration of skin, liver and heart damage, vomiting, abdominal pain, diabetes, decreased zinc absorption, atherosclerosis
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| What are some food sources of iron? | liver, beef, pork, dried beans, prunes, apricots, raisins, spinach, bread, pasta
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| What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world? | iron
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| What increases iron absorption? | vitamin C, meat, alcohol
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| What are the consequences of zinc overdose? | copper deficiency, metallic taste in mouth, increased blood lipids
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| What are some good sources of zinc? | meats, grains, nuts, dairy products, bread
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| What type of zinc deficiency is common in children? | marginal
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| What are some consequences of fluoride overdose? | fluorosis, brittle bones, mottled teeth, nerve abnormalities
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| What are some good sources of fluoride? | water, tea, shrimp, crab
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| What is one way that fluoride overdose can occur? | ingestion of toothpaste
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| What are some symptoms of iodine overdose? | pimples, goiter, decreased thyroid fxn
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| What are some sources of iodine? | salt, milk products, seaweed, seafood, bread from commerical bakeries
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| Where does most of the iodine in our diet come from? | the incidental addition of iodine to foods from cleaning compounds used by food manufacturers.
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| What mineral acts as an antioxidant in conjunction with vitamin E and is needed for thyroid hormone production? | selenium
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| What are some consequences of selenium deficiency? | anemia, muscle pain and tenderness, keshan disease (heart failure), joint disease
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| What mineral is a component of enzymes involved in the body's utilization of iron and oxygen and functions in growth, immunity, cholesterol and glucose utilization, and brain development? | copper
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| What are some consequences of copper deficiency? | seizures, nerve and bone abnormalities in children, growth retardation
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| What mineral is responsible for the formation of body fat and bone? | manganese
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| What are some consequences of manganese deficiency? | weight loss, rash, nausea and vomiting
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| What mineral is required for the normal utilization of glucose and fat? | chromium
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| What are some signs of chromium deficiency? | elevated blood glucose and triglyceride levels, weight loss
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| What mineral is a component of enzymes involved in the transfer of oxygen from one molecule to another? | molybdenum
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| what are some signs of molybdenum deficiency? | rapid heartbeat and breathing, coma
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| What mineral is responsible for the regulation of the acid-base balance in body fluids and the maintenance of the water balance in the body? | sodium
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| What are some signs of sodium deficiency? | weakness, apathy, poor appetite, muscle cramps, headache, swelling
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| What mineral has fxns similar to sodium? | potassium
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| What are some symptoms of potassium deficiency? | irregular heartbeat, paralysis, irritability, mental confusion
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| What mineral is a component of HCL and is also responsible for the acid-base balance of body fluids? | chloride
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| What are some signs of chloride deficiency? | long-term mental retardation in infants, poor appetite, apathy, muscle cramps
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| What are some consequences of selenium overdose? | hair and fingernail loss, weakness, liver damage, irritability, garlic breath
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| What are some food sources of selenium? | meats and seafoods, eggs, whole grains
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