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Primary Physical Examinaton CMA

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Auscultation   show
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Bruit   show
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show Abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges (fingers/toes) associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease  
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show A procedure in which a fiberoptic scope is used to examine the large intestine  
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show A graphic record of electrical conduction through the heart  
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show The pathologic accumulation of air in the alveoli, which results in alveolar destruction and overall oxygen deprivation: In the lungs, the bronchioles becomes plugged with mucus and lose elasticity  
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show The manner or style of walking  
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Hematopoiesis   show
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Intercellular   show
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show A term referring to the area within the cell membrane  
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show Movement or exercising of a body part by means of an externally applied force  
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Mastication   show
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show An abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart that may or may not have a pathologic origin; it is associated with valve disease or a congenital heart defect  
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show Small lumps, or lesions, or swellings that are felt when the skin is palpitated  
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show The use of touch during physical examination to assess the size, consistency, and location of certain body parts  
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show The rhythmic contraction of involuntary muscles lining the gastrointestinal tract  
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Sclera   show
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Transillumination   show
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Trauma   show
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Vasoconstriction   show
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show The study of how the body is shaped and structured  
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show Study of body functions  
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Cells   show
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Tissues   show
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show makes up the skin, glands, and linings of body parts and organs  
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Squamous   show
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Cuboidal   show
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Columnar   show
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Transitional   show
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show support and binds other body tissues. Types include: collagen, bone, cartilage, adipose, ligaments, tendons, blood, and lymph.  
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show produces movement  
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show surrounds the cell and creates an outer covering  
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show includes the cytoplasm that contains living material to carry out function  
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show contains the genetic code of the cell that determines the cells function  
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show (striated, voluntary) attached to bones, produces voluntary body movements when contracted  
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show (striated, involuntary) forms the heart muscle wall  
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show (nonstriated, involuntary) lines the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs. Causes peristalsis and vasoconstriction.  
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show conducts nerve impulses between the periphery and central nervous system  
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show composed of two or more types of tissue bound together to form a more complex structure for a common purpose or function  
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show composed of several organs and their associated structures  
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show arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, plasma  
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Blood Functions   show
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show heart, valves, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules  
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Cardiovascular Functions   show
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Endocrine Cells, Organs, and Structures   show
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Endocrine Functions   show
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show skin, subcutaneous tissue, sweat/sebaceous glands, hair, nails, sense receptors  
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Integumentary Functions   show
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show mouth, tongue, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, appendix  
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show mastication, swallowing, digestion, absorption of nutrients, excretion of waste materials  
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show lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, spleen, lymphocytes, antibodies  
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show maintains fluid balance; protects internal environment; defends against foreign cells/disease; provides immunity to some diseases  
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show bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage  
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Musculoskeletal Functions   show
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show brain, spinal cord, neurons, neuroglial cells, peripheral nerves, autonomic nerves  
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show controls body structures to maintain homeostasis; higher-order thinking and reflex centers that control autonomic processes; carries sensory stimulus to the brain and motor impulse to the periphery  
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show Female: estrogen/ progesterone, ovum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands Male: testosterone, sperm, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, testes, scrotum, penis, urethra  
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Reproductive Functions   show
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Respiratory Cells, Organ, and Structures   show
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show responsible for inhalation of oxygen/ exhalation of carbon dioxide externally and exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide internally at the cellular level; acid-base regulation  
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show eyes, ears, taste buds, olfactory receptors, sensory receptors  
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show helps sense changes in the external/internal environments through vision, hearing, balance, taste, smell  
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show nephron unit, bilateral kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra  
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Urinary Functions   show
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Primary Care Physician (PCP)   show
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Physical Examination   show
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show make sure patient feels comfortable. verify insurance information and necessary medical information (current medications, allergies, etc.)  
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show the exam room should be checked periodically to ensure it is fully stocked and equipment is functioning. MA must be aware of how to operate all equipment beforehand. exp. dates must be checked. private, well lit, comfy temp. clean & disinfected  
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show medical record complete. consent forms signed. introduce yourself. use pt preferred name. respect. watch nonverbal cues. verify insurance accuracy. obtain specimens. take vitals. investigate. help prepare. questions. positions. privacy. document. assist.  
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Assisting The Physician   show
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show used to inspect the inner structures of the eye  
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Tongue Depressor   show
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Otoscope   show
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Nasal Speculum   show
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show used to check the patients auditory acuity and to test bone vibration  
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show measuring device, typically used to assess length/head circumference of infants or wound size  
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Stethoscope   show
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show used to strike the tendons of the knee and elbow to test nuerologic reflexes  
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show used whenever the potential exists for contact with body fluid or contaminated items exist  
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show gauze, cotton balls, cotton tipped applicators, specimen containers, hemocult packets, pap smear supplies, lubricating jelly, and laboratory request forms must be readily accessible during the examination  
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show ranges from focusing on patients general appearance (posture, mannerisms, grooming), to more detailed observations such as body contour, gait, symmetry, visible injuries, deformities, tremors, rashes, and color changes  
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show uses sense of touch. perceptions include: temperature, vibration, consistency, form, elasticity, moisture, texture, position, and contour. performed with one hand, both hands (bimanual), one finger (digital) fingertips, or the palmar aspect of the hand  
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Percussion   show
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show the physician uses a stethoscope to listen to sounds that originate within the body. mostly used for sounds originating in the lungs, heart, and abdomen  
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Mensuration   show
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Manipulation   show
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show the medical assistant is responsible for instructing and assisting the patient into various positions for the exam. do not place the patient in an uncomfortable position or a privacy compromising position. dont leave if patient is in a dangerous position  
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show the patient sits on the exam table with the head of the table elevated to 90 degrees, or he/she sits on the edge. this position is useful for exams of the head, neck, and chest as well as for patients with orthopnea. drape placement varies  
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show head of table is positioned at a 45 degree angle. useful for postoperative exams, patients with breathing disorders, patients with elevated temperature, those suffering from head trauma. the drape should cover the entire patient from the nipple line down  
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Direct Percussion   show
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Indirect Percussion   show
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show lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up  
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show individual (usually a patient) lies on their back with their knees bent up in an outward position while their feet are planted flat on the ground, a bed, table or resting platform allowing the pelvic area to be easily examined and observed.  
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show a supine position of the body with the legs separated, flexed, and supported in raised stirrups, originally used for lithotomy and later also for childbirth.  
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Sims Position   show
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Prone Position   show
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show individual rests on the knees and upper part of the chest, assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination.  
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Tredelenburgs Position   show
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Principles of Body Mechanics   show
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show body mechanics. wheelchair pt, chair close to table, wheels locked, foot rests lifted. support pt strong side. stepstool. pt close to your side. bend at knees. signal and lift. help step up with strong leg. shoulder or waist never neck.  
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show get help if heavy. maintain alignment. do not reach. bend at knees. keep weight close to body. keep back straight. slide, roll, push heavy item if possible  
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show if pt is female and physician is male, female ma must be present. keep convo to minimum. exam begins at fowlers position  
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Presenting Appearance (General Appearance)   show
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Nutrition and Stature   show
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Speech   show
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show often associated with poor oral hygiene/dental care. a musty odor is associated with liver disease. an ammonia smell may be caused by uremia. acidosis/smell of acetone may be the result of diabetes mellitus, starvation, or renal disease  
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Skin   show
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Head   show
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show pupils checked for light reaction. sclera checked for color. inflammation apparent in sclera. yellow sclera indicate liver disease. movement tested. diabetes damage blood vessels of eye. ophthalmoscope used to examine eye  
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Ears   show
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show mucosa examined for color/texture. can not see sinuses, frontal/maxillary examined by palpitation and transillumination. if in need of specialist, pt referred to ophthalmologist or otorhinolaryngologist.  
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show oral hygiene and dental care. includes condition of teeth, how pt cares for teeth/gums, whether upper/lower jaws meet ok for chewing. healthy=pale pink, glossy, smooth, do not bleed with pressure. palatine tonsils visible. cheeks checked for marks/color  
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show ROM. thyroid gland for symmetry, size, texture. check thyroid through palpitation and swallowing. carotid artery palpitated. lymph nodes palpitated. lymphadenopathy=infection in face, head, neck.  
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Reflexes   show
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show sitting. exam for symmetric expansion. emphysema cause barrel shaped chest. percussion used to determine density of lung . stethoscope to auscultate lung sounds. abnormalities cause for further tests.  
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show arms may be at side, across chest, or under head. relaxation necessary. dorsal recumbent position. auscultates abdomen in all quadrants to hear bowel sounds. palpates for abnormalities. percussion used for density, position, and size of organs.  
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show breasts are examined symptomatic or not. examined visually and palpated in supine and high fowler. breast cancer most common in women. males at 15 will receive testicular exam.  
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Rectum   show
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Legal and Ethical Issues   show
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show conversations can be overheard. guard confidentiality by ensuring privacy glass is closed, turn away from waiting room while on phone. physician schedule faced away from pt areas. medical records face door of exam room. EMR use, close files, lock computer  
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show inability to speak due to loss of the voice (commonly seen with overuse or laryngitis)  
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Aphasia   show
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Dysphasia   show
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show the patients knows what he/she wants to say but cannot use muscles properly to speak  
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Sensory Aphasia   show
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show pupils are equal, round, respond to light, adjust/focus on objects  
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