Chapter 4; 5; & 9 Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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show | -Provides support and shape to the body through a framework of bones and cartilage.
-Stores calcium and other minerals.
-Produces certain blood cells within the bone marrow.
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Functions of the muscles | show 🗑
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Ankyl/o | show 🗑
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Arthr/o, articul/o | show 🗑
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Brachi/o | show 🗑
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Cervic/o | show 🗑
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Chondr/o | show 🗑
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Cost/o | show 🗑
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show | skull
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Dactyl/o | show 🗑
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show | fiscia
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Femor/o | show 🗑
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Fibr/o | show 🗑
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Kyph/o | show 🗑
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show | smooth
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show | bent
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Lumb/o | show 🗑
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My/o, myos/o, muscul/o | show 🗑
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show | bone marrow or spinal cord
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Oste/o | show 🗑
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Patell/o | show 🗑
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show | pelvis (basin) or hip bone
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Radi/o | show 🗑
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Rhabd/o | show 🗑
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show | flesh
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show | twist
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Spondyl/o, vetebr/o | show 🗑
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Stern/o | show 🗑
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Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | show 🗑
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show | chest
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show | tone or tension
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Uln/o | show 🗑
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Appendicular skeleton: | show 🗑
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show | -skull
-vertebral column
-chest
-hyoid bone
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Bone | show 🗑
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show | tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones
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Spongy bone/cancellous bone | show 🗑
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show | bones of arms and legs
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Short bones | show 🗑
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Flat bones | show 🗑
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Irregular bones | show 🗑
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show | round bones found near joints
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Epiphysis | show 🗑
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show | shaft of a long bone
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Metaphysis | show 🗑
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show | membrane lining the medullary cavity of the bone
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show | cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow
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show | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
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Red bone marrow | show 🗑
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show | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
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show | a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
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show | a gristle like substance on bones where they articulate
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Articulation | show 🗑
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show | a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
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Disk or disc | show 🗑
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Nucleus pulposus | show 🗑
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Ligament | show 🗑
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show | membrane lining the capsule of a joint
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Synovial fluid | show 🗑
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Origin of a muscle | show 🗑
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Insertion of a muscle | show 🗑
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show | a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
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Fascia | show 🗑
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show | a term of reference that health professionals used when noting body planes, positions or directions; the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing fo
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show | reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
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Coronal or frontal plane | show 🗑
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show | vertical division of the body into right and left portions
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Transverse plane | show 🗑
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show | front of the body
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show | back of the body
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Anterior-posterior | show 🗑
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show | from back to front as a reference
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show | situated above another structure toward the head
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show | situated below another structure away from the head
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show | towards the beginning or origin of a structure. for example, the proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches at the hip at the end of the bone near the knee
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show | away from the beginning or origin of a structure: for example the distal aspect of the femur is
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Medial | show 🗑
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show | towards the side
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Axis | show 🗑
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Erect | show 🗑
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Decubitus | show 🗑
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show | lying face down and flat
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Recumbent | show 🗑
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show | recumbent; lying flat on the back “supine on your spine” horizontal
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show | bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
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show | straightening at the joint so that the angle of the bones is increased
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Abduction | show 🗑
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Adduction | show 🗑
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Eversion | show 🗑
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Inversion | show 🗑
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Supination | show 🗑
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show | bending of the foot or the toes upward
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show | bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes towards the ground
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show | circular movement around an axis
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show | total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements (inability to flex, extend, abduct or adduct) measured in degrees
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show | instrument used to measure joint angles
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show | joint pain
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show | shrinking of muscle size
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show | grating sounds sometimes made by the movement of the joint or broken bones
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show | a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
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Flaccid | show 🗑
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Hypertrophy | show 🗑
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Hypotonia | show 🗑
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Myalgia/myodynia | show 🗑
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show | bone pain
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Rigor/rigidity | show 🗑
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show | drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
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show | uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements
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show | tension; prolonged, contiguous muscle contractions
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Tremor | show 🗑
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show | inflammation of the joint characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth and limitations of motion; there are more than 100 different types of arthritis
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show | most common form of arthritis especially affecting the weight-bearing joints (knee or hip) characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage
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show | most crippling form of arthritis; systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) causing ankylosis and deformity
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show | acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint (especially in the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (excessive amount of uric acid in the blood)
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Ankylosis | show 🗑
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show | bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as occurring after a fracture
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show | swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
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show | inflammation of the bursa
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show | softening of the cartilage
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Epiphysitis | show 🗑
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show | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that it causes compression on the nerve root
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show | bone marrow tumor
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show | muscle inflammation
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Fracture (FX) | show 🗑
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Closed fx | show 🗑
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Open fx | show 🗑
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show | non-displaced fx with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (hair line, stress or crack)
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show | displaced fx that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
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show | the line of the break in the bone
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show | broken in many small pieces
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show | bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children
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show | muscle tumor
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Leiomyoma | show 🗑
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Leiomyosarcoma | show 🗑
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Rhabdomyoma | show 🗑
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show | malignant skeletal muscle tumor
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Osteoma | show 🗑
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Osteosarcoma | show 🗑
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Osteomalacia | show 🗑
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show | osteomalacia in children causes bone deformity
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show | infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation
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show | condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bone to become brittle and to fracture more easily
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Spinal curvatures | show 🗑
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Kyphosis | show 🗑
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show | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (bent-back)
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Scoliosis | show 🗑
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show | forward slipping of the lumbar vertebra
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show | stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration
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show | injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture
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show | partial dislocation
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show | inflammation of the tendon
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Electromyogram | show 🗑
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Bone scan | show 🗑
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show | all used to diagnosis a variety of musculoskeletal fractures and other bone disorders
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show | a radiograph of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium
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Amputation | show 🗑
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Arthrocentesis | show 🗑
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Arthrodesis | show 🗑
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Arthroscopy | show 🗑
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AKA | show 🗑
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show | below the knee
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Bone graft | show 🗑
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show | excision of the bursa
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Myoplasty | show 🗑
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Osteoplasty | show 🗑
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Osteotomy | show 🗑
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show | a tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle
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Open Reduction, Internal Fixation of a fracture (ORIF) | show 🗑
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show | external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with
application of an external device to protect and hold
the bone in place for healing (closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a
fracture)
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show | use of an orthopedic application to maintain a bones position or to provide limb support, such as a brace
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show | treatment to rehabilitate patients disables by an illness or injury; involves many different modalities, such as exercise, hydrotherapy, diathermy and ultrasound
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Prosthesis | show 🗑
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Analgesic | show 🗑
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show | a drug that reduces inflammation
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show | a drug that relieves fever
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show | a group of drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties such as Tylenol or Ibuprofen, commonly used to treat arthritis
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show | a potent analgesic with addictive properties
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show | Muscular organ
Hollow interior
Pumps blood throughout the body
Four chambers
Two upper chambers
Two lower chambers
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cardiovascular system | show 🗑
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show | The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
The heart consists of four chambers; R & L atrium (upper chambers) and the R & L ventricles (lower cambers)
The heart is divided into right and left portions by the interatrial septum
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Cardiovascular System Cont.... | show 🗑
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Circulation through the Heart | show 🗑
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show | Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium
With atrial contraction, the mitral (or bicuspid) valve opens to allow blood flow into the left ventricle
Contraction of the left ventricle pushes blood through the aorti
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Angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | show 🗑
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Aort/o | show 🗑
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Arteri/o | show 🗑
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Ather/o | show 🗑
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Atri/o | show 🗑
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show | heart
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show | crown or circle
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show | muscle
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Pector/o, seth/o | show 🗑
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show | pulse
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Thromb/o | show 🗑
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Ven/o, phleb/o | show 🗑
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show | twisted swollen vein
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Ventricul/o | show 🗑
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4 Chambers of the heart | show 🗑
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show | the heart separated into right and left portions
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Interatrial septum | show 🗑
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show | separates the ventricles
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show | membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
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show | thick, muscular layer
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show | outer membrane
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show | the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart
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Atrium | show 🗑
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Endocardium | show 🗑
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show | membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
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Interatrial septum | show 🗑
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Interventricular septum | show 🗑
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Myocardium | show 🗑
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Ventricle | show 🗑
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Pericardium | show 🗑
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Visceral pericardium | show 🗑
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Parietal pericardium | show 🗑
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Pericardial cavity | show 🗑
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Heart Valves | show 🗑
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show | located between right atrium and right ventricle
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mitral (bicuspid) valve | show 🗑
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show | opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery
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aortic valve | show 🗑
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show | vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles
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show | large artery branching from the left ventricle
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arterioles | show 🗑
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show | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
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show | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
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show | vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
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show | circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
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Pulmonary circulation | show 🗑
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show | Circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
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Blood Pressure | show 🗑
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Diastole | show 🗑
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Systole | show 🗑
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show | normal blood pressure
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hypotension | show 🗑
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show | high blood pressure
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Cardiac conduction | show 🗑
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show | the pacemaker of the heart; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the R atrium; responsible for the initiating the electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV n
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show | neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
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Bundle of His | show 🗑
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Purkinji fibers | show 🗑
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show | resting state of the myocardial cell
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show | change of a myocardial cell
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show | recharging of the myocardial cell
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show | regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulation by the SA node (average rate of 60-100 beats per minute)
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show | a widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart. Aorta or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
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show | a sac like bulge on one side
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show | a spindle – shape bulge
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Dissecting | show 🗑
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Angina pectoris | show 🗑
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show | thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls
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Claudication | show 🗑
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Constriction | show 🗑
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Diaphoresis | show 🗑
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Atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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Atheromatous plaque | show 🗑
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show | a clot
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Heart murmur | show 🗑
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show | a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion in a blood vessel
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show | plugging; an obstruction or a closing off
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Ischemia | show 🗑
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show | lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing
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show | subjective experience of pounding, skipping or racing heartbeats
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Stenosis | show 🗑
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Thrombus | show 🗑
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show | an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection
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show | signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathologica
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dysrhythmia | show 🗑
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show | slow heart beat less then 60
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show | fast heart beat greater than 100
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Fibrillation | show 🗑
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show | ventricular contraction preceding the normal contraction
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show | a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
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show | a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart caused by excessive ETOH abuse)
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) | show 🗑
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Congenital anomaly of the heart | show 🗑
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Atrial septal defect (ASD) | show 🗑
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Coarctation of the aorta | show 🗑
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Patent ductus arteriosus | show 🗑
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | show 🗑
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show | failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in the lower portions of the body
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Cor pulmonale | show 🗑
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Hypertension (HTN) | show 🗑
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show | high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
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Secondary HTN | show 🗑
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show | protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backward flow of blood
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Myocardial infarction (MI) | show 🗑
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Myocarditis | show 🗑
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Pericarditis | show 🗑
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Rheumatic heart disease | show 🗑
|
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show | the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately
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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | show 🗑
|
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Phlebitis | show 🗑
|
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show | inflammation of a vein clot
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Varicose vein | show 🗑
|
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Auscultation | show 🗑
|
||||
show | abnormal heart sound that mimics the gait of a horse; related to abnormal ventricular contraction
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||||
show | an electrical picture of the heart
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||||
show | electrical picture of the heart while exercising
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||||
show | portable EKG worn by the patient over a 24 hour period
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|
||||
show | invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias; ablation maybe performed at the same time to treat the abnormality
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|
||||
show | use of radiofrequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites that generate abnormal electrical pathways
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|
||||
Nuclear medicine imaging | show 🗑
|
||||
show | use of specialized nuclear isotopes and computed tomographic
techniques to produce
perfusion (blood flow)
images and to study the
cellular metabolism of
the heart
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|
||||
Angiogram | show 🗑
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Coronary | show 🗑
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Arteriogram | show 🗑
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show | x-rays of the aorta
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Venogram | show 🗑
|
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Cardiac catheterization | show 🗑
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||||
show | x-ray imaging of the ventricular cavity and coronary arteries of the left side of the heart
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R heart catheterization | show 🗑
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||||
show | x-ray image of the ventricles
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||||
show | measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
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||||
show | measurement of the amount of blood ejected per minute from either ventricle of the heart
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||||
show | measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction
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Echo cardiogram | show 🗑
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||||
show | echo done while person exercises
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|
||||
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) | show 🗑
|
||||
show | ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or carotid insufficiency, or to determine blood flow through the chambers and valves
🗑
|
||||
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | show 🗑
|
||||
Endarterectomy | show 🗑
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||||
show | surgery repair to replace a disease heart valve with an artificial valve these can be made of animal tissue or made from synthetic material
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|
||||
show | surgical repair of a heart valve
🗑
|
||||
show | interventional procedures used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) performed at the time of a cardiac catheterization in a specialized cath lab
🗑
|
||||
show | a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel to restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often in
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|
||||
Defibrillation | show 🗑
|
||||
Defibrillator | show 🗑
|
||||
Cardioversion | show 🗑
|
||||
show | an implantable, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads: the device monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia
🗑
|
||||
show | a device used to treat a slow heart rate (bradycardia) by electrically stimulating the heart to contract; most often, it is implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under the skin, but can also be temporary and patient is paced transcutaneous
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|
||||
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | show 🗑
|
||||
show | drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the heart tissue to relieve pain from angina
🗑
|
||||
show | drug that counteracts cardia arrhythmia
🗑
|
||||
Anticoagulant | show 🗑
|
||||
Antihypertensive | show 🗑
|
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show | an agent used to treat angina and hypertension
🗑
|
||||
show | an agent used to prevent and treat angina and treat hypertension
🗑
|
||||
Cardiotonic | show 🗑
|
||||
show | drug that increases the secretion of urine; used to treat HTN
🗑
|
||||
Hypolipidemic | show 🗑
|
||||
show | drugs used to dissolve thrombi (often called clot busters)
🗑
|
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Vasoconstrictor | show 🗑
|
||||
Vasodilator | show 🗑
|
||||
Chapter 9:Endocrine System Endocrine | show 🗑
|
||||
Aden/o | show 🗑
|
||||
Adren/o, adrenal/o | show 🗑
|
||||
show | male
🗑
|
||||
show | to secrete
🗑
|
||||
show | thirst
🗑
|
||||
Gluc/o, glucose/o, glyc/o | show 🗑
|
||||
show | hormone
🗑
|
||||
show | ketone bodies
🗑
|
||||
show | pancereas
🗑
|
||||
Thym/o | show 🗑
|
||||
Thyr/o, thyroid/o | show 🗑
|
||||
Adrenal glands | show 🗑
|
||||
show | secretes steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance
🗑
|
||||
show | secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
Steroid hormones | show 🗑
|
||||
Catecholamines | show 🗑
|
||||
show | located behind the stomach
functions to secrete insulin and glucagon
🗑
|
||||
show | located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck
functions to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
🗑
|
||||
Pineal gland | show 🗑
|
||||
Pituitary gland | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Located on both sides within the scrotum in the male: secrete testosterone
🗑
|
||||
Thyroid gland | show 🗑
|
||||
show | located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to above the heart; secretes thymosin
🗑
|
||||
Glucosuria | show 🗑
|
||||
show | high blood sugar
🗑
|
||||
show | low blood sugar
🗑
|
||||
Hyperkalemia | show 🗑
|
||||
show | deficient level of potassium in the blood k+
🗑
|
||||
Hypocalcemia | show 🗑
|
||||
Hypercalcemia | show 🗑
|
||||
show | abnormally increased secretion
🗑
|
||||
show | abnormally decreased secretion
🗑
|
||||
Polydipsia | show 🗑
|
||||
Polyuria | show 🗑
|
||||
show | all chemical process in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste and other bodily function
🗑
|
||||
Ketosis | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a collection od signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone;
may be due to excessive production by the adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
show | excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia
🗑
|
||||
show | Symptoms in girls may
include masculization
of sex organs, low voice
acne, amenorrhea
and masculine hair
distribution and muscle
growth
🗑
|
||||
Diabetes Mellitis (DM) | show 🗑
|
||||
Type 1 diabetes | show 🗑
|
||||
show | diabetes caused by where the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance
(a defective use of insulin) the patient is not normally dependent on insulin for survival
🗑
|
||||
show | hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
🗑
|
||||
Hyperparathyroidism symptom | show 🗑
|
||||
Hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
|
||||
Hypoparathyroidism symptom | show 🗑
|
||||
show | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially
of the face and hands
caused by hypersecretion
of the pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
show | a condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone that slows growth and causes short, yet proportionate stature
🗑
|
||||
Pituitary gigantism | show 🗑
|
||||
Goiter | show 🗑
|
||||
Hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
|
||||
Hypothyroid | show 🗑
|
||||
show | protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor
🗑
|
||||
Blood sugar | show 🗑
|
||||
show | fasting blood sugar ( no food/fluid intake for 12 hours)
🗑
|
||||
show | measurement of blood sugar after eating
🗑
|
||||
Glycohemaglobin | show 🗑
|
||||
Glucose tolerance test | show 🗑
|
||||
show | chemistry panel measuring potassium, calcium, chloride, sodium & CO2
🗑
|
||||
Thyroid function study | show 🗑
|
||||
Urine sugar & ketone study | show 🗑
|
||||
CT | show 🗑
|
||||
MRI | show 🗑
|
||||
Sonogram | show 🗑
|
||||
show | excision of the adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
Hypophysectomy | show 🗑
|
||||
Pancreatectomy | show 🗑
|
||||
Parathyroidectomy | show 🗑
|
||||
show | excision of the thymus gland
🗑
|
||||
show | excision of the thryroid
🗑
|
||||
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) | show 🗑
|
||||
Radioiodine therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
Antidiabetic medication | show 🗑
|
||||
Antithyroid drug | show 🗑
|
||||
show | treatment with a hormone to correct a hormonal deficiency
🗑
|
||||
Antihyperglycemic drug | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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