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Therapeutic Classifications for Commonly Used Medications

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Generic Name
Trade Name(s)
Mechanism of Action
Predominant Therapeutic Use(s)
Acetaminophen   Tyleonol; other   mechanism of ANALGESIA unknown; ANTIPYRETIC action due to central (hypothalamic) inhibition of endogenous pyrogens   analgesic, antipyretic  
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Albuterol   Ventolin, Proventil; other   Selective beta-2 receptor agonist   Bronchodilator  
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Alendronate   Fosamax   Bisphosphonate; inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption   Osteoporosis  
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Amlodipine   Norvasc   Dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist   Hypertension; angina  
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Amoxicillin   Amoxil; Trimox; others   Antibiotic: Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor   UTI; URTI (otitis media/sinusitus)  
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Amoxicillin with Clavulanate   Augmentin   Antibiotic: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor with beta lactamase inhibitor   UTI, URTI (otitis med/sinusitis) + diabetic foot ulcer and CAP  
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Aspirin   Other   Acetylates platelet cyclooxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis   Antiplatelet (post MI), Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic  
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Atorvastatin   Lipitor   Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGcoA) reductase inhibitor: blocks endogenous cholesterol synthesis   Hypercholesterolemia; Mixed hyperlipidemia (both cholesterol/TAG elevation)  
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Azithromycin   Zithromax; Zpack   Macrolide antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunits of bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis   URTI; LRTI including sinusitis, CAP, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; includes coverage of some atypical orgs such as chlamydia, legionella, and mycoplasma  
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Buproprion   Wellbutrin; Zyban; others   Norepinepthrin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NRI/DRI)   Antidepressant/Smoking cessation  
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Celecoxib   Celebrex   Selective cycloxygenase 2 inhibitor; inhibits prostaglandin production   Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory  
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Cephalexin   Keflex; other   Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor   Skin and Soft Tissue infections; UTI  
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Cetirizine   Zyrtec   Nonsedating antihistamine   Allergic sinusitis/rhinitis  
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Ciprofloxacin   Cipro   Interferes with DNA gyrase, an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of bacterial DNA   UTI; systemic infections where gram negative organisms are suspected; Gonorrhea  
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Clopidogrel   Plavix   Selective and Irreversible inhibitor of platelet activation by binding to the ADP-dependent receptor on platelets   Antiplatelet  
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Diazepam   Valium; other   Benzodiazepine receptor agonist   muscle relaxant, anxiolytic; anticonvulsant; alcohol withdrawl  
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Digoxin   Lanoxin; other   myocardial Na-K ATPase pump inhibitor; increased contractility and increased vagal tone to heart, slowing AV conduction   CHF (inotrope), controls HR in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias  
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Diltiazem   Cardizem; Tiazac   Calcium channel blocker   HTN, Angina, slow HR in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias  
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Doxazosin   Cardura   alpha-1 receptor antagonist   HTN; prostatic hypertophy  
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Erythromycin   Ery-tab; other   macrolide antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunits of bacteria and suppress protein synthesis   alternative when patient is allergic to penicillin; URTI; LRTI; Skin and soft tissue infex; includes coverage of some atypical orgs such as chlamydia, legionella, and mycoplasma  
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Fluticasone   Flovent; Flonase   inhibits phospholipase A2 and other multiple antiinflammatory actions   inhaled antiinflammatory agent for treatment of persistent asthma; nasal for allergic rhinitis  
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Fosinipril   Monopril   ACE inhibitor   HTN; CHF  
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Furosemide   Lasix   blocks sodium reabsorbtion from ascending limb of Loop of Henle   (loop) diuretic  
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Gemfibrozil   Lopid; other   increases lipoprotein lipase activity and decreases VLDL synthesis in the liver   hypertriglyceridemia  
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Glyburide   Diabeta; Micronase; other   sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent that increases insulin secretion from the pancreas   DM type 2  
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Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ)   other   blocks sodium reabsorption from the proximal portion of the DCT   (thiazide) diuretic, HTN  
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Ibuprofen   Advil; Motrin; Motrin IB; other   inhibits cycloxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin production   Antiinflammatory; Antipyretic; analgesic  
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Insulin   Humulin; Novolin; Giargine; Lispro   binds to endogenous insulin receptor   DM type 1 or 2  
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Ipratropium bromide   Atrovent   cholinergic receptor antagonist   bronchodilator for COPD  
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Levofloxacin   Levaquin   quinolone antibiotic; interferes with DNA gyrase, an enzyme necesssary for the synthesis of bacterial DNA   UTI; CAP; Gonorrhea  
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Lisinopril   Prinivil; Zestril   ACE inhibitor   HTN; CHF  
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Lorazepam   Ativan; other   bendodiazepine receptor agonist   anxiolytic; anticonvulsant; antiemetic (combined with other agents); alcohol withdrawl  
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Losartan   Cozaar   Angiotensin II receptor agonist   HTN, Nephropathy in DM type 2  
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Metformin   Glucophage   biguanide antidiabetic; decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity   DM type 2  
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Metoprolol   Lopressor; Toprol XL; other   selective B1 receptor agonist   HTN, Angina, heart failure, post MI  
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Montelukast   Singulair   Leukotriene receptor antagonist   mild persistent asthma  
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Morphine   MS Contin; Oramorph; other   opiate agonist   analgesic  
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Naproxen   Aleive; Naprosyn; Anaprox; other   inhibits cyclooxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin production   anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic  
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Nifedipine   Procardia; Adalat; Other   calcium channel antagonist   HTN  
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Omeprazole   Prilosec   Na-H ATPase enzyme inhibitor; blocks gastric acid secretion   gastric ulcer; duodenal ulcer; GERD  
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Oxycodone (alone or with acetaminophen)   Oxycontin (Percocet); Other   opiate agonist   analgesic  
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Paroxetine   Paxil   SSRI   depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder  
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Penicillin VK   Veetids; other   bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor (Penicillin abx)   upper and lower RTI  
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Phenytoin   Dilantin; other   Na channel blocker   Anticonvulsant  
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Prednisone   Deltasone; other   inhibits phospholipase A2 and other multiple antiinflammatory actions   oral antiinflammatory agent for treatment of multiple inflammatory conditions  
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Propanolol   Inderal; other   non-selective Beta1/Beta2 antagonist   HTN, Angina, Slow HR, Migraine  
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Ranitidine   Zantac   histamine-2 receptor blocker; reduces gastric acidity   duodenal ulcer; gastric ulcer; GERD  
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Rosiglitazone   Avandia   insulin sensitizer; improves insulin action in the presence of insulin   DM type 2  
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Salmeterol   Serevent   Long Acting selective B2 receptor agonist   bronchodilator  
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Sertraline   Zoloft   SSRI   depression, OCD, panic attacks  
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Sildenafil   Viagra   selective inhibitor of cGMP phophodiesterase type 5 (PDE)   erectile dysfunciton  
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Simivastatin   Zocor   HMGCoA reductase inhibitor   hypercholesterolemia; mixed hyperlipidemia (both cholesterol and triglyceride elevation)  
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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole   Bactrim, Septra; other   antibiotic; sequential antimetabolite   UTI; URTI (otitis; sinusitis); Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia  
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Verapamil   Calan; Isoptin; other   calcium channel antagonist   HTN, angina; slows HR; supraventricular tachyarrhythmias  
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Warfarin   Coumadin; other   Vitamin K antagonist   Anticoagulation  
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