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Self-Paced Pharm I

Therapeutic Classifications for Commonly Used Medications

Generic NameTrade Name(s)Mechanism of ActionPredominant Therapeutic Use(s)
Acetaminophen Tyleonol; other mechanism of ANALGESIA unknown; ANTIPYRETIC action due to central (hypothalamic) inhibition of endogenous pyrogens analgesic, antipyretic
Albuterol Ventolin, Proventil; other Selective beta-2 receptor agonist Bronchodilator
Alendronate Fosamax Bisphosphonate; inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption Osteoporosis
Amlodipine Norvasc Dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist Hypertension; angina
Amoxicillin Amoxil; Trimox; others Antibiotic: Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor UTI; URTI (otitis media/sinusitus)
Amoxicillin with Clavulanate Augmentin Antibiotic: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor with beta lactamase inhibitor UTI, URTI (otitis med/sinusitis) + diabetic foot ulcer and CAP
Aspirin Other Acetylates platelet cyclooxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Antiplatelet (post MI), Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic
Atorvastatin Lipitor Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGcoA) reductase inhibitor: blocks endogenous cholesterol synthesis Hypercholesterolemia; Mixed hyperlipidemia (both cholesterol/TAG elevation)
Azithromycin Zithromax; Zpack Macrolide antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunits of bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis URTI; LRTI including sinusitis, CAP, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; includes coverage of some atypical orgs such as chlamydia, legionella, and mycoplasma
Buproprion Wellbutrin; Zyban; others Norepinepthrin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NRI/DRI) Antidepressant/Smoking cessation
Celecoxib Celebrex Selective cycloxygenase 2 inhibitor; inhibits prostaglandin production Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory
Cephalexin Keflex; other Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor Skin and Soft Tissue infections; UTI
Cetirizine Zyrtec Nonsedating antihistamine Allergic sinusitis/rhinitis
Ciprofloxacin Cipro Interferes with DNA gyrase, an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of bacterial DNA UTI; systemic infections where gram negative organisms are suspected; Gonorrhea
Clopidogrel Plavix Selective and Irreversible inhibitor of platelet activation by binding to the ADP-dependent receptor on platelets Antiplatelet
Diazepam Valium; other Benzodiazepine receptor agonist muscle relaxant, anxiolytic; anticonvulsant; alcohol withdrawl
Digoxin Lanoxin; other myocardial Na-K ATPase pump inhibitor; increased contractility and increased vagal tone to heart, slowing AV conduction CHF (inotrope), controls HR in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Diltiazem Cardizem; Tiazac Calcium channel blocker HTN, Angina, slow HR in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Doxazosin Cardura alpha-1 receptor antagonist HTN; prostatic hypertophy
Erythromycin Ery-tab; other macrolide antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunits of bacteria and suppress protein synthesis alternative when patient is allergic to penicillin; URTI; LRTI; Skin and soft tissue infex; includes coverage of some atypical orgs such as chlamydia, legionella, and mycoplasma
Fluticasone Flovent; Flonase inhibits phospholipase A2 and other multiple antiinflammatory actions inhaled antiinflammatory agent for treatment of persistent asthma; nasal for allergic rhinitis
Fosinipril Monopril ACE inhibitor HTN; CHF
Furosemide Lasix blocks sodium reabsorbtion from ascending limb of Loop of Henle (loop) diuretic
Gemfibrozil Lopid; other increases lipoprotein lipase activity and decreases VLDL synthesis in the liver hypertriglyceridemia
Glyburide Diabeta; Micronase; other sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent that increases insulin secretion from the pancreas DM type 2
Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) other blocks sodium reabsorption from the proximal portion of the DCT (thiazide) diuretic, HTN
Ibuprofen Advil; Motrin; Motrin IB; other inhibits cycloxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin production Antiinflammatory; Antipyretic; analgesic
Insulin Humulin; Novolin; Giargine; Lispro binds to endogenous insulin receptor DM type 1 or 2
Ipratropium bromide Atrovent cholinergic receptor antagonist bronchodilator for COPD
Levofloxacin Levaquin quinolone antibiotic; interferes with DNA gyrase, an enzyme necesssary for the synthesis of bacterial DNA UTI; CAP; Gonorrhea
Lisinopril Prinivil; Zestril ACE inhibitor HTN; CHF
Lorazepam Ativan; other bendodiazepine receptor agonist anxiolytic; anticonvulsant; antiemetic (combined with other agents); alcohol withdrawl
Losartan Cozaar Angiotensin II receptor agonist HTN, Nephropathy in DM type 2
Metformin Glucophage biguanide antidiabetic; decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity DM type 2
Metoprolol Lopressor; Toprol XL; other selective B1 receptor agonist HTN, Angina, heart failure, post MI
Montelukast Singulair Leukotriene receptor antagonist mild persistent asthma
Morphine MS Contin; Oramorph; other opiate agonist analgesic
Naproxen Aleive; Naprosyn; Anaprox; other inhibits cyclooxygenase; inhibits prostaglandin production anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Nifedipine Procardia; Adalat; Other calcium channel antagonist HTN
Omeprazole Prilosec Na-H ATPase enzyme inhibitor; blocks gastric acid secretion gastric ulcer; duodenal ulcer; GERD
Oxycodone (alone or with acetaminophen) Oxycontin (Percocet); Other opiate agonist analgesic
Paroxetine Paxil SSRI depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder
Penicillin VK Veetids; other bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor (Penicillin abx) upper and lower RTI
Phenytoin Dilantin; other Na channel blocker Anticonvulsant
Prednisone Deltasone; other inhibits phospholipase A2 and other multiple antiinflammatory actions oral antiinflammatory agent for treatment of multiple inflammatory conditions
Propanolol Inderal; other non-selective Beta1/Beta2 antagonist HTN, Angina, Slow HR, Migraine
Ranitidine Zantac histamine-2 receptor blocker; reduces gastric acidity duodenal ulcer; gastric ulcer; GERD
Rosiglitazone Avandia insulin sensitizer; improves insulin action in the presence of insulin DM type 2
Salmeterol Serevent Long Acting selective B2 receptor agonist bronchodilator
Sertraline Zoloft SSRI depression, OCD, panic attacks
Sildenafil Viagra selective inhibitor of cGMP phophodiesterase type 5 (PDE) erectile dysfunciton
Simivastatin Zocor HMGCoA reductase inhibitor hypercholesterolemia; mixed hyperlipidemia (both cholesterol and triglyceride elevation)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Bactrim, Septra; other antibiotic; sequential antimetabolite UTI; URTI (otitis; sinusitis); Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Verapamil Calan; Isoptin; other calcium channel antagonist HTN, angina; slows HR; supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Warfarin Coumadin; other Vitamin K antagonist Anticoagulation
Created by: HSF2
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