For musculoskeletal system Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| periosteum: | outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
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| compact bone: | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
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| cancellous (spongy) bone: | contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone
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| endosteum: | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
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| diaphysis: | shaft of the long bones
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| epiphysis: | ends of the long bone
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| bone marrow: | material found in the cavities of bones
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| red marrow: | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation)
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| yellow marrow: | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
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| Long bones: | such as the femur, are every strong and have large surface areas for muscles to attach.
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| Short bones: | such as the carpals in the hand, are grouped together to help provide movement.
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| Flat bones: | such as the ribs, cover and protect soft body parts.
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| Sesamoid bones: | such as the kneecap, are small and rounded; they are found near joints to increase the efficiency of the muscles near that joint.
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| Haversian canals: | channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels
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| Medullary cavity: | central shaft of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow that is made up of mostly fat cells
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| Fossa: | shallow cavity in a bone
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| Foramen: | opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves
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| Fissure: | deep, narrow slit in a bone
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| Sinus: | hollow cavity in a bone
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| Maxilla: | upper jaw bone
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| Mandible: | Lower jaw bone
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| cervical vertebrae | first set of 7 forming the neck
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| thoracic vertebrae | second set of 12 vertebrae
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| lumbar vertebrae | third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine
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| joint: | holds bones together and makes movement possible
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| articular cartilage: | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints
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| meniscus: | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee
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| intervertebral disk: | cartilagionous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
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| pubic symphysis: | cartilaginous joint at which two public bones fuse together
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| synovia: | fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities
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| bursa: | fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
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| ligament: | flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
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| tendon: | band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
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| aponeurosis: | strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone.
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| skeletal muscles (striated): | attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible.
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| smooth muscles (unstriated): | located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. involuntary they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves
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| cardiac muscle: | forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat.
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| Striated: | made up of voluntary muscles that move all bones, Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles.
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| clavicle | collarbone(2)
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| scapula | shoulder blade(2)
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| sternum: | breastbone
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| upper extremities | humerus(2) phalanges (28) ulna (2) metacarpals (10) radius (2) carpals (16))
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| pelvic bones | (3 pairs fused together)
illium (2) ischium (2) pubis (2)
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| lower extremities: | femur (2) tarsals(4) patella (2) metatarsals(10) tibia(2) phalanges(28) fibula(2)
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