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Bone and stuff
For musculoskeletal system Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| periosteum: | outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue |
| compact bone: | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
| cancellous (spongy) bone: | contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone |
| endosteum: | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
| diaphysis: | shaft of the long bones |
| epiphysis: | ends of the long bone |
| bone marrow: | material found in the cavities of bones |
| red marrow: | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation) |
| yellow marrow: | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| Long bones: | such as the femur, are every strong and have large surface areas for muscles to attach. |
| Short bones: | such as the carpals in the hand, are grouped together to help provide movement. |
| Flat bones: | such as the ribs, cover and protect soft body parts. |
| Sesamoid bones: | such as the kneecap, are small and rounded; they are found near joints to increase the efficiency of the muscles near that joint. |
| Haversian canals: | channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels |
| Medullary cavity: | central shaft of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow that is made up of mostly fat cells |
| Fossa: | shallow cavity in a bone |
| Foramen: | opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves |
| Fissure: | deep, narrow slit in a bone |
| Sinus: | hollow cavity in a bone |
| Maxilla: | upper jaw bone |
| Mandible: | Lower jaw bone |
| cervical vertebrae | first set of 7 forming the neck |
| thoracic vertebrae | second set of 12 vertebrae |
| lumbar vertebrae | third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine |
| joint: | holds bones together and makes movement possible |
| articular cartilage: | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints |
| meniscus: | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee |
| intervertebral disk: | cartilagionous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine |
| pubic symphysis: | cartilaginous joint at which two public bones fuse together |
| synovia: | fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities |
| bursa: | fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another |
| ligament: | flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint |
| tendon: | band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| aponeurosis: | strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone. |
| skeletal muscles (striated): | attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. |
| smooth muscles (unstriated): | located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. involuntary they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves |
| cardiac muscle: | forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat. |
| Striated: | made up of voluntary muscles that move all bones, Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles. |
| clavicle | collarbone(2) |
| scapula | shoulder blade(2) |
| sternum: | breastbone |
| upper extremities | humerus(2) phalanges (28) ulna (2) metacarpals (10) radius (2) carpals (16)) |
| pelvic bones | (3 pairs fused together) illium (2) ischium (2) pubis (2) |
| lower extremities: | femur (2) tarsals(4) patella (2) metatarsals(10) tibia(2) phalanges(28) fibula(2) |
Created by:
swise1
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