Esthetics chapter 9 skin disorders and diseases
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| Dermatology | study of the skin, its structure, its function, its diseases, and its treatment
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| Dermatologist | physician who treats skin disorders and diseases
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| Estheticians must | not diagnose and must refer clients to a physician if medically necessary
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| Lesions | structural changes in the tissues due to damage or injury
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| Describes lesions | any mark, symptom or abnormality
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| Types of lesions | primary, secondary, and tertiary
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| Primary lesions | flat, nonpalpable changes or elevations formed by fluid in a cavity
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| Bulla | large blister with watery fluid, bigger than a vesicle
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| Cyst | closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, and other matter, above or below the skin
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| Macule | flat spot or discoloration, ie freckle
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| Papule | small elevation with no fluid
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| Pustule | inflamed papule containing pus
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| Tubercle | abnormal rounded, solid lump, larger than a papule
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| Tumor | swelling with varied size, shape and color due to excessive cell multiplication
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| Vesicles | small blister or sac with clear fluid
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| Wheal | itchy, swollen lesion, ie hives
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| Hives | wheals or urticaria
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| Secondary lesions | develop later in disease
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| Crust | scab on a sore
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| Excoriation | skin abrasion due to scratching or scraping
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| Fissure | crack in skin penetrating the dermis, ie chapped lips
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| Keloid | thick scar from overgrowth of fibrous tissue
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| Scale | flaky skin cells
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| Scar | light, raised mark forms after injury or lesion heals
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| Ulcer | open lesion with pus and loss of skin depth
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| Acne | chronic inflammatory sebaceous gland disorder with comedones and blemishes
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| Asteatosis | dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency
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| Comedone | mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle
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| Open comedone | blackhead
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| Closed comedone | whitehead; no follicular opening
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| Furuncle | pus in an abscess, boil
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| Milia | whitehead, common in dry skin types; resembles small grains of sand under the skin
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| Rosacea | chronic congestion in cheeks and nose with redness, dilation of blood vessels, and sometimes papules and pustules
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| Sebaceous hyperplasias | benign lesions in oily areas of the face, appear like blackheads, but can't be extracted
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| Seborrhea | severe oiliness of the skin
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| Steatoma aka | sebaceous cyst or wen
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| Steatoma | filled with sebum; pea to orange sized; on the scalp, neck and back
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| Anhidrosis | deficiency in perspiration
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| Bromhidrosis | foul-smelling perspiration
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| Hyperhidrosis | excessive perspiration
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| Miliaria rubra | prickly heat
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| Atopic dermatitis | related to overactive immune systems; prevalent with nasal allergies and asthma
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| Contact dermatitis | allergic reaction from contact with substance or chemical
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| Dermatitis | inflammatory skin condition
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| Eczema | inflammatory, painful itching skin disease; acute or chronic, with dry or moist lesions
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| Edema | swelling
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| Erythema | redness due to inflammation
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| Herpes Simplex | vesicle(s) on a red, swollen base, usually on lips or nostrils, contagious
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| Perioral dermatitis | small cluster of papules around the mouth, not contagious
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| Psoriasis | red patches with white-silver scales due to skin cells replicating too fast
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| Chloasma | liver spots
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| Hyperpigmentation | overproduction of pigment
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| Lentigenes | freckles; small, yellow-brown spots
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| Melasma | pregnancy mask
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| Nevus | birthmark or mole
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| Stain | brown or wine-colored discoloration
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| Tan | exposure to sun
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| Albinism | absence of melanin pigment; congenital leukoderma
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| Hypopigmentation | lack of pigment
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| Leukoderma | light abnormal patches due to congenital disease; ie vitiligo and albinism
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| Vitiligo | white spots or areas, worsened by sunlight
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| Hypertrophy | abnormal growth
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| Keratoma | abnormally thick build up of cells
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| Hyperkeratosis | thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells
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| Actinic keratoses | pink precancerous lesions from sun damage, feel sharp or rough
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| Keratosis pilaris | redness and bumpiness in cheeks or upper arms from blocked follicles; "chicken skin"
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| Mole | brownish spot; flat or raised; don't remove hairs; watch ABCD
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| Skin tag | small outgrowths or extensions
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| Verruca | wart; contagious
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| Basal cell carcinoma | most common, least severe carcinoma; light, pearly nodules
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| Squamous cell carcinoma | more serious than basal; scaly red papules or nodules
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| Malignant melanoma | most serious skin cancer; dark, uneven patches
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| Bacterial conjunctivitis | pink eye
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| Herpes simplex virus | cold sores or fever blisters and genital herpes; contagious
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| Impetigo | clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions filled with bacteria; very contagious
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| Tinea | fungal infection
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| Tinea corporis | very contagious ringworm
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| Tinea versicolor aka | pityriasis versicolor
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| Pityriasis versicolor | yeast infection stopping melanin production
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| Acne causes | clogged pores, bacteria, cosmetics and products, triggers
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| Acne triggers | hormones, stress, foods
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| Acne grades | four; one is lowest
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| Grade I acne | minor breakouts; some blackheads, whiteheads, papules and pustules
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| Grade II acne | many blackheads; more whiteheads, papules, and pustules
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| Grade III acne | red and inflamed; many papules and pustules
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| Grade IV acne | cystic with comedones, papules, pustules and inflammation
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| Retention hyper-keratosis | hereditary; dead skin cells don't shed from follicles
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| Sebaceous filaments | blackheads without cell matter
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| Dyschromia | abnormal pigmentation of the skin
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| Freckles | macules or lentigenes
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