medical terms
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| foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
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| fontanelle or fontanel | space between the bones of an infants cranium; "soft spot"
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| floating ribs | rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front
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| flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum
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| fissure | a groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus
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| false ribs | rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front because they join the 7th rib in the front
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| epiphysis | the end of a bone
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| eiphyseal line | a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate
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| diaphysis | main shaftlike portion of a bone
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| crest | distinct border or ridge; as in iliac crest
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| condyle | knucklelike projection at the end of a bone
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| compact bone | hard outer shell of the bone
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| cervical vertebrae | vertebrae or bones of the neck; C1 through C7
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| cancellous bone | spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone
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| bone processes | projections or outgrowth of bones
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| bone markings | specific features of individual bones
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| bone depressions | concave, indented areas or openings in bones
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| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints
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| fossa | hollow or concave depression in a bone
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| haversian canals | system of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
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| hematopoiesis | the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow
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| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs
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| intervertebral disc | a flat, circular platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae
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| long bones | bones that are longer then they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur
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| lumbar vertebrae | the vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5
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| medullary cavity | the center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow
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| ossification | the conversion and fibrous connective tissue to bone, the formation of bone
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| osteoblasts | immature bone cells that activity produce bony tissue
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| osteoclasts | large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
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| osteocytes | mature bone cells
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| periosteum | the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone
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| red bone marrow | the soft, semi fluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production
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| resorption | the process of removing or digesting old bone tissue
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| sesamoid bones | irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap
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| short bones | bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shapped, such as the wrist bone
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| sinus | an opening or hollow space in a bone, a cavity within a bone
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| spine | a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest
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| stenosis | an abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure
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| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone, a fissure
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| sutures | immovable joints, such as as those of the cranium
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| thoracic vertebrae | the 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12
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| trabeculae | needlelike bony spicules with cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance. Their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone
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| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur
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| true ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
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| tubercle | a small rounded process of a bone
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| tuberosity | an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone
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| yellow marrow | located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
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| vertebral foramen | a large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord
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