Nervous System
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| motor nerve | Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve.
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| myelin sheath | Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.
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| neurons (nerve cells) | nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system.
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| parenchyma | Essential in distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.
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| plexus (plural: plexuses) | Large, interlacing network of nerves.
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| synapse | Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or grandular cells. *Greek from synapsis-a point of contact.
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| acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.
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| astrocyte | Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries. (star-like)
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| cauda equina | Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord. (Latin for "Horse tail")
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| cerebellum | Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. * located at the base of the skull.
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| cerebrum | Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory. *known as the "THINKING AREA"
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| dendrite | Microscopic branching fiber of nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
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| ganglion (plural: ganglia) | Collection of nerves cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
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| gyrus (plural: gyri) | Sheet of nerve cells that produce a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.
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| hypothalamus | Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.
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| medulla oblongata | Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing heart beat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here. L to R, R to L. *Located in the brainstem
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum
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| gli/o | glial cells *glioblastoma-highly malignant tumor.
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| my/o | muscle
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| -plegia | -paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body).
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| -paresis | weakness
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| lex/o | word, phrase *dyslexia-This is a developmental reading disorder occurring when the brain does not properly recognize, process, & interpret language.
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| -lepsy | seizure. *narcolepsy- sudden uncontrollable compulsion to sleep.
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| esthesi/o, -esthesia | feeling, nervous sensation. *anesthesia- lack of normal sensation two types (spinal & epidural)
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| -praxia | action. *movement & behavior are not purposeful
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| -phasia | speech
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| syncop/o | to cut off, cut short. *syncopal- pertaining to fainting
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| cerebral concussion | Type of brain injury caused by a blow to the head. Usually no evidence of structural damage to the brain tissue, and loss of consciousness may not occur.
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| spina bifida | congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts. (neutral tube defect) *three forms
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; STROKE (thrombotic,embolic, hemorrhagic)
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| cerebral contusion | Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head. *associated w/fracture of skull, as well as edema and an increase in intracranial pressure.
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| embolic | an embolus (dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel. This occurs very suddenly.
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| thrombotic | Blood clot (thrombus) in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel. *Short episodes of neurological dysfunction are known as TRANSIENT ESCHEMIC ATTACKS (TIA's)
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| dementia | mental decline and deterioration
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| hemorrhagic | a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs. *Aneurysm- weakened area in the vessel wall that balloons and may eventually burst.
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| palliative | relieving symptoms but not curing them.
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| gait | manner of walking
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| aura | peculiar symptoms or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of a migraine or an epileptic seizure.
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| caus/o | burning. *causalgia-Intense burning following injury to a sensory nerve.
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| thec/o | sheath - (refers to the meninges)
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| radicul/o | nerve root of spinal nerves. *Sciatica is a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root in the back.
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| myel/o | spinal cord
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| Parkinson Disease | degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. *caused by a deficiency of dopamine.
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