Animal Behavior
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| Affiliative behaviors | Behaviors related to social conflict, which typically include avoidance, appeasement, threats, and aggression .
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| Allogrooming | Grooming performed by one animal on another animal of the same species.
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| Anxiety | Anticipation of future or potential danger that may be unknown, imagined, or real. Leads to a physiologic response similar to that of fear.
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| Classical conditioning | Also known as respondent conditioning. The animal learns the association between events-one event predict another. Emotional behaviors are easily classically conditioned.
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| Conflict-related aggression | Aggression toward people, often over resources and in similar context as dominance aggression. Likely to act submissive or fearful immediately after an attack. Clients will say the dog acted like it “was sorry for what it did”
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| Conspecific | Belonging to the same species.
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| Dominance aggression | Aggression against other members of an animal's social group to prevent subordinate individuals from performing actions or engaging in activities for which the higher-ranking individuals claims priority.
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| Dominant role | A superior position in rank order or social hierarchy. Note that dominance describes a social position (role in a relationship), not a personality trait.
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| Fear | Feeling of apprehension experience when an animal perceives that some nearby place, thing, or event may be dangerous. Increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and dilated pupils.
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| Fear-related aggression | Aggression displayed when the dog perceives a threat. Most dogs demonstrate fearful body postures and possibly physiologic signs. Over time, as the dog learns that these behaviors are effective, it can begin to demonstrate more offensive body postures.
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| Food-related aggression | Aggression demonstrated only in the presence of food, bones, rawhides, human food, or other high-value food items to prevent real or perceived attempts by others to access the food.
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| Frustration | Experienced when an animal is in a situation in which it is prevented from performing a behavior that it is highly motivated to perform.
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| Idiopathic aggression | Unpredictable and severe aggression that occurs in the absence of stimuli that would allow the aggression to be categorized otherwise. “Springer rage” is likely a form of aggression that could be called idiopathic.
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| Interdog (male/male) | As the term implies, may occur because of fear of strange dogs, or may be related to hormonal influences when it occurs between two intact male dogs. Inter-dog aggression within a household may develop because of a changing hierarchy between the dogs.
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| Irritable aggression | Can be similar to pain-related aggression, but may occur simply because a dog is tired or just is not desiring interaction. More common in older dogs and/or in dogs living with small children.
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| Maternal aggression | Aggression typical of a female that is attempting to prevent access to her offspring.
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| Multiparous | An animal that has given birth multiple times.
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| Negative punishment | Decreases the frequency of a behavior because something pleasant is taken away after that behavior.
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| Negative reinforcement | Increases the frequency of a behavior because something unpleasant is taken away or avoided after that behavior.
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| Operant conditioning | Behaviors that result in pleasant outcomes will increase in frequency, whereas those that result in unpleasant outcomes will decrease.
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| Pain-related aggression | Aggression similar to fear-related aggression in that the dog may be aggressing because of discomfort,pain,or fear of pain.
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| Phobia | Fear of a specific stimulus that is excessive and persistent.
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| Play-related aggression | Behavior typical of play, usually nonaffective, and often simply referred to as inappropriate play behavior when directed toward humans.
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| Positive punishment | Decreases the frequency of the behavior because something unpleasant is added after a behavior.
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| Positive reinforcement | Increases the frequency of behavior because something pleasant is added after a behavior.
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| Possessive aggression | Aggression demonstrated in the presence of any highly valued resource used to prevent real or perceived attempts by others to access the resource.
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| Predatory aggression | Aggression- consistent hunting; usually quiet, staring, and stalking with tail twitching and body lowered.
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| Primiparous | An animal that has given birth once.
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| Redirected aggression | Aggression toward a nearby individual that occurs when an animal is highly emotionally aroused, usually because of some other stimulus.
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| Redirected behaviors | Occur when an animal is highly motivated to perform a particular behavior but for some reason is prevented from doing so.
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| Social hierarchies | Social structures that allow for division of resources, rights, and privileges.
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| Social status/dominance aggression | Aggression toward people in an attempt to acquire or maintain resources.
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| Socialization | Process by which an animal develops appropriate social behaviors toward members of its own and other species.
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| Stress | Any pressure or strain placed on a system.
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| Submissive behavior | Also know as- appeasement behaviors, they function as signals to “turn off” threatening and aggressive behaviors from other individuals.
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| Subordinate role | A lower position in a rank order or social hierarchy.
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| Territorial aggression | Aggression demonstrated only in a particular, circumscribed area when approached by a perceived threat.
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Created by:
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