These Flash Cards are for the second test on Juvenile Delinquency
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| Differential Association | -You hang around with bad people, you learn bad behavior. (Sutherland)
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| Characteristics of Differential Association | 1. Learned
2. Communicated
3. Intimate (Primary group/Close friends)
4. Teach Criminal Techniques
5. How a person views law/legal code
6. Age is Important
7. Delinquent Definitions
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| Drift Theory | -People Drift into delinquent behavior. (Matza)
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| Neutralization Theory | -Criminal tries to neutralize (justify) the crime.
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| Types of Denial | 1. Denial of responsibility
2. Denial of Injury
3. Denial of victim
4. Condemn the condemners
5. Appeal to higher loyalties
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| Soft Determinism | -Individual and Society are both partially responsible for crime.
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| Control Theory | -Society has lost control of you.
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| Containment Theory | -You can contain crime if you have a strong sense of inner values.
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| Social Bond Theory | -Attachment to society
-Commitment to society
-Involvement in society
-Beliefs
-Empirical Validation
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| General Theory of Crime | -lack of self-control results in crime.
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| Characteristics of General Theory of Crime | 1. Insensitive
2. Impulsive
3. Non-verbal
4. Physical
5. Risk taking
6. Short Sighted
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| Turning Points | 1. Girlfriend
2.Marriage
3. Job
4. Reform School
5. Military
6. Change of Neighborhood
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| Primary Deviation | -The crime itself.
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| Secondary Deviation | -The labeling and stigma you face after being deemed a criminal.
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| Radical Non-Intervention | -Trying to resolve the problem without the system getting involved.
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| Class Conflict Theory | -Society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources.
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| Radical Criminology | -Sees the issue of crime as being social.
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| Power Control Thesis | -Gender Discrimination leads to crime.
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| Differential Oppression | -Children are treated as sub human.
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| Characteristics of Differential Oppression | 1. Lack of power
2. Oppressed
3. Reaction to oppression
4. Oppression reinforces the power of adults
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| Restorative Justice | -Resolving the crime with community members.
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| Delinquency Prevention Programs | 1. Big Brothers / Sisters
2. Bully Program
3. Family Therapy
4. Life Skills Training
5. Foster Care
6. Therapy
7. Drug Abuse programs
8. Nurse family partnership
9. Parent-Teacher child training courses
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| Characteristics of Female Delinquency | 1. 13-18 years old
2. History of repeated victimization
3. Experience school issues
4. Unstable family relationships
5. History of unhealthy dependent relationship with older males
6. Mentally ill (Drug abuse)
7. Member of a community of color
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| Blocked Opportunity Theory | -Opportunities blocked due to racism, gender bias, etc.
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| General Strain Theory | -anime
-no clear cut norms
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| Anime | -a state of normlessness
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| Social Learning Theory | -males are more likely to commit crime because it's what they are taught.
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| Differential Association | -behavior is learned.
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| Power Control Theory | -the gender distribution of delinquency is caused by stratification from gender relations within the family.
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| Labeling Theory | -how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them.
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| Girls Bill of Rights | 1. Right to resist stereotypes
2. Right to take risks
3. Right to accept and appreciate their bodies.
4. Right to be safe
5. Right to prepare for interesting work and economic independence
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| Family and Delinquency | -over 1/3 of all children raised in a single-parent household
-birth order impacts delinquency
-large families impact delinquency
-children with delinquent siblings is a factor
-around 400,000 children in foster care
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| Family and Delinquency (Cont.) | -about half the children in the system go back to their family/home
-most children in foster care are only in it for about 1 year
-children that live in a gay household are not impacted by their parents sexuality in any way
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| Three types of Children Brought into the System | 1. CHINS - child in need of services
2. Youthful Offender - child committing adult crimes
3. Status Offender - child committing child crimes (underage drinking, smoking, etc)
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| Child Pornography | -predominately male (80-90%)
-most arestees had video/pics of child porn
-majority of maltreatment of child is neglect
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| Types of Neglect | 1. Malnourished
2. Unsupervised
3. No med. care
4. Emotional Neglect
5. No school / education
6. Emotionally / mentally ill parents
7. Exposed to bad things
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| Child Abuse | 1. Emotional
2. Physical
3. Sexual
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| Incest | -sex with a family member
-brother-sister (occurs most often)
-father-daughter (Second most likely to occur)
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| Schools and Delinquencies | -Two major kinds of delinquency in school ( Violence and Destruction of property)
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| Bullying | -suicide is a big result of bullying.
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| Due Process | -rights in the process of the law (Miranda rights, bail, etc.)
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| Dickson Vs. Alabama | -established due process for juveniles within the school system (students rights)
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| Ingraham Vs. Wright | -child can be hit as punishment in 19 states (corporal punishment)
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| New Jersey Vs. ELO | -there needs to be probable cause to search the child.
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| Statistics of Dropping Out | -earn less than college grads
-200,000 less than highschool graduates during lifetime
-over 1/2 of the prison population
-over 1/2 of the people on welfare.
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| 6 Parts to Gangs | 1. Three of more individuals
2. Group Identity
3. Criminal Activity
4. Commit adult crimes
5. Perpetuation of group
6. Association (set of rules)
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| Who Makes up Gangs | -50 percent Hispanic
-32 percent Black
-11 percent White
-7 percent other
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| Initiation Rights | -you are blessed in / jumped in
-female initiation involves sexual acts
-illegal acts
-deal drugs
-drive by
-murders
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| Where are gangs expanding? | Urban communities
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| Theories of Gang Formation | -Puberty Rights
-Access to material things in society
-Culture
-Result of coming out of the slums
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