The Language of Medicine 11th Edition
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| Cell | The smallest living unit, the fundamental unit of all living things.
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| Cell Membrane | Surrounds and protects the cell, as well as regulates what passes into and out of the cell.
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| Nucleus | controls the operations of the cell, determines the structure and function of the cell
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| Chromosomes | rod like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells contain 23 pairs.
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| Genes | chromosomal regions
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Regulates the activities of the according to it's sequence on each chromosome.
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| Karyotype | a photograph of an individuals chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number.
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| amniocentesis | Puncture of the sac around the fetus for removal of fluid and cells.
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| Cytoplasm | (Cyto=cell, Plasm=formation) includes all of the material outside the nucleus and is enclosed by the cell membrane.
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| Mitochondria | small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.
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| Catabolism | The process where sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by mitochondria.
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| endoplasmic reticulum | network (reticulum) of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell, that manufacture proteins in the cell.
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| Ribosomes | attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, which build long chains of proteins.
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| Anabolism | the process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. (Occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum)
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| metabolism | Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol- means to cast, and -ism means a process.
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| Muscle Cell | Long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing.
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| Epithelial Cell | (a lining and skin cell) Square and flat to provide protection.
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| Nerve Cell | may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.
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| Fat Cell | contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.
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| Tissue | a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job.
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| Histologist | a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues.
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| Hist/o | Tissue
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| Epithelial | Tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surfaces of internal organs.
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| Connective Tissue | Fat, Cartilage, Bone, and Blood
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| Adipose | fat tissue
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| Cartilage | elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones
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| Nerve Tissue | Conducts impulses all over the body.
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| Viscera | Internal organs (Singular: Viscus)
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| Digestive System | mouth, pharynx, esophagus,stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| Urinary or Excretory System | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| ureters | tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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| urethra | tube from bladder to outside of the body
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| Female Reproductive System | Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
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| uterus | womb
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| Male Reproductive System | testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
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| Endocrine System | Thyroid Gland, Pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
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| Nervous System | Brain, Spinal Chord, nerves, collections of nerves
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| Circulatory System | Heart, Blood Vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
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| Muscuskeletal System | Muscles, Bones, and Joints
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| Skin and Sense organs | Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands (oil glands); eye, ear, nose, tongue
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| Respiratory System | Nose, Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
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| Larynx | Voice Box
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| trachea | windpipe
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| Ventral Cavities | Located in the front of the body
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| Dorsal Cavities | Located in the back of the body
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| Cranial Cavity | Brain, pituitary gland
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| Thoracic Cavity | Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
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| Pleural Cavity | Space surrounding each lung. (part of the Thoracic cavity)
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| Pleura | double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them.
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| Mediastinum Cavity | centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes. (part of the Thoracic Cavity)
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| Abdominal Cavity | Peritoneaum, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
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| Peritoneum | double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity- attaches the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place.
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| Kidneys | two bean shaped organs situated behind the abdominal cavity, in the retroperitoneal cavity.
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| Diaphragm | a muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
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| Pelvic Cavity | Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.
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| Spinal Cavity | Nerves of the spinal chord.
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| Abdominopelvic cavity | the abdominal and pelvic cavities referred together as ______.
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| Ventral (Anterior) | Pertaining to the front
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| Dorsal (posterior) | Pertaining to the back
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