MBC 100 The Language of Medicine, Ch. 4
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| abductor | Muscle that draws a limb away from the body.
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| abnormal | Pertaining to away from rule, order.
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| adductor | Muscle that draws a limb toward the body.
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| adrenal glands | Endocrine glands above the kidney.
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| anabolism | Process of building up proteins in cells.
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| analysis | Separation of a substance into various parts.
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| anoxia | Without oxygen.
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| ante cibum (a.c.) | Before meals.
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| anteflexion | Bending forward.
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| antepartum | Before birth.
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| antibiotic | Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign substances (antigens) in the blood.
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| antigen | Substance that stimulates the production of antibodies.
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| antisepsis | Destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection.
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| antitoxin | Substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody.
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| apnea | Without breathing.
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| autoimmune disease | Antibodies that are produced against an individual's own normal cells.
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| benign | Non-cancerous.
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| bifurcation | Branching or forking into two parts.
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| bilateral | Pertaining to both or two sides.
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| bradycardia | Slow heartbeat.
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| catabolism | Cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds. Energy is released to do the work of the cell.
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| congenital anomaly | Abnormality present at birth; birth defect.
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| connective tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bone, cartilage, muscle or fibrous tissues.
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| contraindication | A factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient.
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| contralateral | Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body.
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| dehydration | Excessive loss of water.
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| dialysis | Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function.
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| diameter | Measurement between opposite points on the periphery of a circular body part.
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| diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
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| dysentery | Condition of painful intestines (often caused by bacterial infection).
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| dysplasia | Condition of abnormal formation.
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| dyspnea | Difficult breathing.
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| ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy that is not in the normal location (uterus); a fallopian tube is the most common ectopic site.
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| endocardium | Inner lining of the heart.
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| endoscope | Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body.
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| endotracheal | Pertaining to within the trachea
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| epithelium | Layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body.
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| euphoria | Exaggerated feeling of well-being; elevated mood, "high."
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| euthroid | Normal thyroid function.
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| exopthalmos | Protrusion of the eyeball (proptosis); symtom of hyperthyroidism.
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| hemiglossectomy | Removal (resection) of half the tongue.
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| hyperglycemia | High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; often associated with diabetes mellitus.
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| Hyperplasia | Condition of increased formation of cells.
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| hypertrophy | Increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells.
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| hypodermic injection | Placement of a needle below the skin.
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| hypoglycemia | Low/deficient levels of sugar in the bloodstream.
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| incision | Process of cutting into.
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| infracostal | Pertaining to below the ribs.
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| insomniac | Pertaining to without sleep.
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| intercostal | Pertaining to between the ribs.
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| intravenous | Pertaining to within a vein.
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| macrocephaly | Condition of a larger than normal head.
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| malaise | General feeling of bodily discomfort.
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| malignant | Cancerous; harmful.
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| metacarpal bones | Pertaining to beyond the wrist; hand bones.
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| metamorphosis | Condition of change of shape or form.
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| metastasis | Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its orignal location to a distant site.
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| microscope | Instrument to view small objects.
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| neonatal | Pertaining to a new birth.
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| neoplasm | New growth.
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| pancytopenia | Deficiency of all (blood) cells.
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| paralysis | Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body.
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| parathyroid glands | Four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) region of the thyroid gland.
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| percutaneous | Pertaining to through the skin.
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| pericardium | Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
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| polymorphonuclear | Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells).
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| polyneuritis | Inflammation of many nerves.
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| postmortem | After death.
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| postpartum | After birth.
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| precancerous | Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition.
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| prenatal | Pertaining to before birth.
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| prodrome | Symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness. An example is the fever that signals the onset of a viral illness.
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| prolapse | Sliding forward or downward.
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| prosthesis | An artificial substitute for a missing body part.
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| recombinant DNA | Insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from an organism into the DNA of another organism.
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| relapse | Sliding or falling back; as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery.
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| remisson | Disappearance of symptoms of disease.
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| retroflexion | Bending backward.
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| retroperitoneal | Pertaining to behind the peritoneaum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity).
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| subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin.
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| suprapubic | Pertaining to above pubic bones.
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| symbiosis | Close association between organisms of different species or a state in which two people are emotionally dependent on each other.
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| symmetry | Equality of parts, literally measured together.
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| symphysis | Bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage.
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| symptom | A subjective change in condition as perceived by the patient.
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| syndactyly | Fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly.
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| syndrome | Group of symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder.
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| synthesis | Combination of simple substance to create something new and more complex.
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| tachypenea | Excessively fast breathing.
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| transfusion | Transfer of blood from one person to another.
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| transurethral | Pertaining to across or through the urethra.
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| ultrasonography | The use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue.
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| unilateral | Pertaining to one side.
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