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Prefixes
MBC 100 The Language of Medicine, Ch. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abductor | Muscle that draws a limb away from the body. |
| abnormal | Pertaining to away from rule, order. |
| adductor | Muscle that draws a limb toward the body. |
| adrenal glands | Endocrine glands above the kidney. |
| anabolism | Process of building up proteins in cells. |
| analysis | Separation of a substance into various parts. |
| anoxia | Without oxygen. |
| ante cibum (a.c.) | Before meals. |
| anteflexion | Bending forward. |
| antepartum | Before birth. |
| antibiotic | Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign substances (antigens) in the blood. |
| antigen | Substance that stimulates the production of antibodies. |
| antisepsis | Destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection. |
| antitoxin | Substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody. |
| apnea | Without breathing. |
| autoimmune disease | Antibodies that are produced against an individual's own normal cells. |
| benign | Non-cancerous. |
| bifurcation | Branching or forking into two parts. |
| bilateral | Pertaining to both or two sides. |
| bradycardia | Slow heartbeat. |
| catabolism | Cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds. Energy is released to do the work of the cell. |
| congenital anomaly | Abnormality present at birth; birth defect. |
| connective tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bone, cartilage, muscle or fibrous tissues. |
| contraindication | A factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient. |
| contralateral | Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body. |
| dehydration | Excessive loss of water. |
| dialysis | Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function. |
| diameter | Measurement between opposite points on the periphery of a circular body part. |
| diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
| dysentery | Condition of painful intestines (often caused by bacterial infection). |
| dysplasia | Condition of abnormal formation. |
| dyspnea | Difficult breathing. |
| ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy that is not in the normal location (uterus); a fallopian tube is the most common ectopic site. |
| endocardium | Inner lining of the heart. |
| endoscope | Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body. |
| endotracheal | Pertaining to within the trachea |
| epithelium | Layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body. |
| euphoria | Exaggerated feeling of well-being; elevated mood, "high." |
| euthroid | Normal thyroid function. |
| exopthalmos | Protrusion of the eyeball (proptosis); symtom of hyperthyroidism. |
| hemiglossectomy | Removal (resection) of half the tongue. |
| hyperglycemia | High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; often associated with diabetes mellitus. |
| Hyperplasia | Condition of increased formation of cells. |
| hypertrophy | Increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells. |
| hypodermic injection | Placement of a needle below the skin. |
| hypoglycemia | Low/deficient levels of sugar in the bloodstream. |
| incision | Process of cutting into. |
| infracostal | Pertaining to below the ribs. |
| insomniac | Pertaining to without sleep. |
| intercostal | Pertaining to between the ribs. |
| intravenous | Pertaining to within a vein. |
| macrocephaly | Condition of a larger than normal head. |
| malaise | General feeling of bodily discomfort. |
| malignant | Cancerous; harmful. |
| metacarpal bones | Pertaining to beyond the wrist; hand bones. |
| metamorphosis | Condition of change of shape or form. |
| metastasis | Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its orignal location to a distant site. |
| microscope | Instrument to view small objects. |
| neonatal | Pertaining to a new birth. |
| neoplasm | New growth. |
| pancytopenia | Deficiency of all (blood) cells. |
| paralysis | Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body. |
| parathyroid glands | Four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) region of the thyroid gland. |
| percutaneous | Pertaining to through the skin. |
| pericardium | Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. |
| polymorphonuclear | Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells). |
| polyneuritis | Inflammation of many nerves. |
| postmortem | After death. |
| postpartum | After birth. |
| precancerous | Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition. |
| prenatal | Pertaining to before birth. |
| prodrome | Symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness. An example is the fever that signals the onset of a viral illness. |
| prolapse | Sliding forward or downward. |
| prosthesis | An artificial substitute for a missing body part. |
| recombinant DNA | Insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from an organism into the DNA of another organism. |
| relapse | Sliding or falling back; as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery. |
| remisson | Disappearance of symptoms of disease. |
| retroflexion | Bending backward. |
| retroperitoneal | Pertaining to behind the peritoneaum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity). |
| subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin. |
| suprapubic | Pertaining to above pubic bones. |
| symbiosis | Close association between organisms of different species or a state in which two people are emotionally dependent on each other. |
| symmetry | Equality of parts, literally measured together. |
| symphysis | Bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage. |
| symptom | A subjective change in condition as perceived by the patient. |
| syndactyly | Fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly. |
| syndrome | Group of symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder. |
| synthesis | Combination of simple substance to create something new and more complex. |
| tachypenea | Excessively fast breathing. |
| transfusion | Transfer of blood from one person to another. |
| transurethral | Pertaining to across or through the urethra. |
| ultrasonography | The use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue. |
| unilateral | Pertaining to one side. |
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