AP WH Classical Era
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| Ashoka | adopted Buddhism, built monasteries, supported missionaries, and forsook violence as a means of expansion
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| Civil Service Exams | merit-based method by which the Han bureaucracy was staffed, based on knowledge of Confucian writings
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| Ascetic | spiritualist who gave up material desires in search of knowledge and truth
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| Daoism | spiritual movement in which followers renounce worldly ambitions in search of harmony with nature in form of Yin & Yang
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| Ganges River | sacred to Hindus, where offerings are made to the various dieties and reports of having healing qualities
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| Yellow Turban Rebellion | violent uprising driven by inequality in land distribution, marking the end of the Han Dynasty
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| Enlightenment | the peaceful state of afterlife called nirvana that is achieved by fulfilling one's dharma in each reincarnation
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| Caste System | societal hierarchy in Hindu culture based on job occupation; rigid mobility
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| White Huns | nomadic groups from Central Asia that disrupted the stability of Empires from Rome to India in the 5th-6th centuries
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| Upanishads | traditional Hindu texts that emphasized all of life connected to the universal soul or Brahma
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| Nirvana | the goal of ending the cycle of rebirth; in Hinduism its achieved by completing one's dharma; in Buddhism, by following the 8-fold path
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| Varna | the social classifications of the Aryans based initially on skin color, with lighter skinned above darker skinned natives
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| Shi Huangdi | unified China following the Warring States period using a rigid blend of Legalism and harsh rule to expand the empire
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| Dharma | the duty of a Hindu based on the Caste they were born into; obedience was expected without regard to morality or outcomes
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| Arabic Numerals | Indian numeric script adopted by later Muslim scholars and transferred to the West
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| Untouchables | the lowest class of Hindu society who performed the filthy jobs and were shunned by all other castes
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| Xiongnu | nomadic invaders whose presence threatened successive Chinese Dynasties, leading to the construction of the Great Wall
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| Jainism | branch of Hinduism that stressed the respect for nature and non-violence
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| Confucianism | guiding philosophy of the Han & successive Dynasties, focusing on the practical rather than spiritual aspects of daily life, primarily the importance of respecting family, elders, ancestors, and rulers to achieve social harmony
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| Silk Roads | interconnected regional networks that spread across Eurasia as empires expanded, transporting goods, tech., belief systems, and diseases
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