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Ch 5 India & China
AP WH Classical Era
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ashoka | adopted Buddhism, built monasteries, supported missionaries, and forsook violence as a means of expansion |
| Civil Service Exams | merit-based method by which the Han bureaucracy was staffed, based on knowledge of Confucian writings |
| Ascetic | spiritualist who gave up material desires in search of knowledge and truth |
| Daoism | spiritual movement in which followers renounce worldly ambitions in search of harmony with nature in form of Yin & Yang |
| Ganges River | sacred to Hindus, where offerings are made to the various dieties and reports of having healing qualities |
| Yellow Turban Rebellion | violent uprising driven by inequality in land distribution, marking the end of the Han Dynasty |
| Enlightenment | the peaceful state of afterlife called nirvana that is achieved by fulfilling one's dharma in each reincarnation |
| Caste System | societal hierarchy in Hindu culture based on job occupation; rigid mobility |
| White Huns | nomadic groups from Central Asia that disrupted the stability of Empires from Rome to India in the 5th-6th centuries |
| Upanishads | traditional Hindu texts that emphasized all of life connected to the universal soul or Brahma |
| Nirvana | the goal of ending the cycle of rebirth; in Hinduism its achieved by completing one's dharma; in Buddhism, by following the 8-fold path |
| Varna | the social classifications of the Aryans based initially on skin color, with lighter skinned above darker skinned natives |
| Shi Huangdi | unified China following the Warring States period using a rigid blend of Legalism and harsh rule to expand the empire |
| Dharma | the duty of a Hindu based on the Caste they were born into; obedience was expected without regard to morality or outcomes |
| Arabic Numerals | Indian numeric script adopted by later Muslim scholars and transferred to the West |
| Untouchables | the lowest class of Hindu society who performed the filthy jobs and were shunned by all other castes |
| Xiongnu | nomadic invaders whose presence threatened successive Chinese Dynasties, leading to the construction of the Great Wall |
| Jainism | branch of Hinduism that stressed the respect for nature and non-violence |
| Confucianism | guiding philosophy of the Han & successive Dynasties, focusing on the practical rather than spiritual aspects of daily life, primarily the importance of respecting family, elders, ancestors, and rulers to achieve social harmony |
| Silk Roads | interconnected regional networks that spread across Eurasia as empires expanded, transporting goods, tech., belief systems, and diseases |
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wm0397
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