MED TERMS - CHAPTER 6
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| adenoma | benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium
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| anaplastic | tumor tissue containing primitive undifferentiated cells unlike the structurally differentiated cells of normal tissue
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| anorexia | loss of appetite
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| belching | burping
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| borborygmi | audible rumbling and gurgling sounds in the digestive tract
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| colic | sharp crampy pains
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| colon | part of the large intestine
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| constipation | firm difficult stools
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| diarrhea | abnormal frequency urgency and looseness of stools
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| diverticulum | abnormal outpoutching of the colon
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| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| endorectal | inside the rectum said of diagnostic or therapeutic instruments or procedures
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| enterocolitis | inflammatory disease of both the small and large intestine
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| eructation | belching burping
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| flatulence | excessive intestinal gas
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| heartburn | burning pain in the epigastrium or chest due to digestive disorders.
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| hematochezia | passage of blood from the rectum
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| hemorrhoid | anal varicose veins
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| hepatic | referring to the liver
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| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells in tissue or organ
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| ileus | intestinal obstruction
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| intussussception | prolapse of one part of the intestine into another
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| jaundice | discoloration of skin and sclerae by excessive bile pigment
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| lientery | passage of undigested food in stools
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| melena | black stools (often due to blood in stool)
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| obstipation | total inability to pass stool
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| odynophagia | pain on swallowing
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| palliative | directed to the relief of symptoms rather than the elimination of their cause
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| postprandial | following a meal
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| rebound tenderness | additional stab of pain when pressure on abdomen is released often indicating peritoneal irritation
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| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen
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| steatorrhea | excessive amount of fat in the feces
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| tenesmus | straining of stool usually without result and often painful
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| transrectal | diagnostic or surgical procedure that is performed through the rectum
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| volvulus | intestinal obstruction due to twisting or obstruction of the bowel
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| flatus | fart pass gas
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| flatulence | gas in stomach
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| mastication | chewing
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| cholelithiasis | gallstones
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| piles | hemorrhoids
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| heartburn | gastroesophageal reflux
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| belching | eructation
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| emesis | vomiting
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| anastomosis | surgical joining to two organs or vessels
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| appendectomy | surgical excision of the vermiform appendix
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| barium enema | an xray that uses barium given rectally to outline the colon and rectum
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| choleecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder
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| colectomy | excision of part or all of colon
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| colonoscopy | procedure used to view the colon using a scope
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| colostomy | surgical created opening from the colon, through which feces is passed may be temp, or perm.
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| endoscopy | insertion of tube with a light source into body cavity to view stuctures
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy endoscopic procedure to view esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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| exploratory laparotomy | inspection of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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| gastrectomy | excision of a portion or all of the stomach
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| gastroscopy | endoscopic procedure to view the stomach
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| hemicolectomy | surgical excision of approximately half the colon
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| herorrhoidectomy | surgical excision of hemorrhoids
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| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a hernia
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| imaging studies | ultrasound studies, to access gallbladder masses
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| KUB x-ray | plain x-ray to image the kidneys, bladder, and ureters
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| laparoscopy | inspection of abdominal cavity through an endoscope
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| portacaval shunt | surgical procedure allowing portal vein blood to bypass the liver and empty directly into the inferior vena cava
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| pyloroplasty | incision of the pylorus and reconstruction of the pyloric channel to relieve pyloric obstruction
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| resection | surgical removal
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| splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen
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| upper GI series with small-bowel follow-through | an x-ray series that uses barium taken orally to outline the esophagus, stomach and small intestine
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| vagotomy | interruption of the impulses carried by the vagus nerve
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| absorption tests | based on determination of blood or stool levels
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| alkaline phosphatase | enzyme whose level in the serum is often increased in bone disease and obstruction liver disease
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| ALT | alamine aminotransferease
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| ammonia serum | breakdown product of protein metabolism, increased in hepatic failure
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| annylase serum | enzyme whose level is increased in pacreatitis and mumps
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| AST | asparate aminotransferase
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| bilirubin, direct | bilirubin that reacts directly with testing chemicals
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| bilirubin, indirect | bilirubin that does not directly react with testing Delete repeated word
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| bilirubin, urinary | bilirubin in the Delete repeated word
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| bilirubin, conjugated | bilirubin that has been conjugated (broken down)
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| bilirubin, unconjugated | bilirubin that has not been conjugated
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| CEA | carcinoembryonic Antigen not a reliable diagnostic indicator of colon cancer, but useful in watching recurrence.
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| CLO | Campylobacter like organism
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| GPT | glutamic pyruvic transaminase
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| O & P | Examination of stool for parasite or their ova
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| LFT | Liver function tests
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| Hemoccult | test for occult blood in the stool
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