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GASTROENTEROLOGY
MED TERMS - CHAPTER 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenoma | benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium |
| anaplastic | tumor tissue containing primitive undifferentiated cells unlike the structurally differentiated cells of normal tissue |
| anorexia | loss of appetite |
| belching | burping |
| borborygmi | audible rumbling and gurgling sounds in the digestive tract |
| colic | sharp crampy pains |
| colon | part of the large intestine |
| constipation | firm difficult stools |
| diarrhea | abnormal frequency urgency and looseness of stools |
| diverticulum | abnormal outpoutching of the colon |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| endorectal | inside the rectum said of diagnostic or therapeutic instruments or procedures |
| enterocolitis | inflammatory disease of both the small and large intestine |
| eructation | belching burping |
| flatulence | excessive intestinal gas |
| heartburn | burning pain in the epigastrium or chest due to digestive disorders. |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hematochezia | passage of blood from the rectum |
| hemorrhoid | anal varicose veins |
| hepatic | referring to the liver |
| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells in tissue or organ |
| ileus | intestinal obstruction |
| intussussception | prolapse of one part of the intestine into another |
| jaundice | discoloration of skin and sclerae by excessive bile pigment |
| lientery | passage of undigested food in stools |
| melena | black stools (often due to blood in stool) |
| obstipation | total inability to pass stool |
| odynophagia | pain on swallowing |
| palliative | directed to the relief of symptoms rather than the elimination of their cause |
| postprandial | following a meal |
| rebound tenderness | additional stab of pain when pressure on abdomen is released often indicating peritoneal irritation |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| steatorrhea | excessive amount of fat in the feces |
| tenesmus | straining of stool usually without result and often painful |
| transrectal | diagnostic or surgical procedure that is performed through the rectum |
| volvulus | intestinal obstruction due to twisting or obstruction of the bowel |
| flatus | fart pass gas |
| flatulence | gas in stomach |
| mastication | chewing |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones |
| piles | hemorrhoids |
| heartburn | gastroesophageal reflux |
| belching | eructation |
| emesis | vomiting |
| anastomosis | surgical joining to two organs or vessels |
| appendectomy | surgical excision of the vermiform appendix |
| barium enema | an xray that uses barium given rectally to outline the colon and rectum |
| choleecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder |
| colectomy | excision of part or all of colon |
| colonoscopy | procedure used to view the colon using a scope |
| colostomy | surgical created opening from the colon, through which feces is passed may be temp, or perm. |
| endoscopy | insertion of tube with a light source into body cavity to view stuctures |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy endoscopic procedure to view esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| exploratory laparotomy | inspection of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| gastrectomy | excision of a portion or all of the stomach |
| gastroscopy | endoscopic procedure to view the stomach |
| hemicolectomy | surgical excision of approximately half the colon |
| herorrhoidectomy | surgical excision of hemorrhoids |
| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a hernia |
| imaging studies | ultrasound studies, to access gallbladder masses |
| KUB x-ray | plain x-ray to image the kidneys, bladder, and ureters |
| laparoscopy | inspection of abdominal cavity through an endoscope |
| portacaval shunt | surgical procedure allowing portal vein blood to bypass the liver and empty directly into the inferior vena cava |
| pyloroplasty | incision of the pylorus and reconstruction of the pyloric channel to relieve pyloric obstruction |
| resection | surgical removal |
| splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen |
| upper GI series with small-bowel follow-through | an x-ray series that uses barium taken orally to outline the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
| vagotomy | interruption of the impulses carried by the vagus nerve |
| absorption tests | based on determination of blood or stool levels |
| alkaline phosphatase | enzyme whose level in the serum is often increased in bone disease and obstruction liver disease |
| ALT | alamine aminotransferease |
| ammonia serum | breakdown product of protein metabolism, increased in hepatic failure |
| annylase serum | enzyme whose level is increased in pacreatitis and mumps |
| AST | asparate aminotransferase |
| bilirubin, direct | bilirubin that reacts directly with testing chemicals |
| bilirubin, indirect | bilirubin that does not directly react with testing Delete repeated word |
| bilirubin, urinary | bilirubin in the Delete repeated word |
| bilirubin, conjugated | bilirubin that has been conjugated (broken down) |
| bilirubin, unconjugated | bilirubin that has not been conjugated |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic Antigen not a reliable diagnostic indicator of colon cancer, but useful in watching recurrence. |
| CLO | Campylobacter like organism |
| GPT | glutamic pyruvic transaminase |
| O & P | Examination of stool for parasite or their ova |
| LFT | Liver function tests |
| Hemoccult | test for occult blood in the stool |
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pheonix1
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