The Integumentary System
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| cutaneous | Pertaining to the skin (from Latin cutis, meaning "skin")
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| derma | Skin (from Greek)
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| dermis | The layer of the skin between the epidermis and the subcutaenous tissue; the true skin or corium
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| epidermis | The outermost layer of the skin (from epi-, meaning "upon or over" and derm, meaning "skin")
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| hair | A thread-like keratinized outgrowth from the skin (root: trich/o)
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| hair follicle | The sheath in which a hair develops
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| integumentary system | The skin and its associated glands, hair, and nails
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| keratin | A protein that thickens and toughens the skin and makes up hair and nails (root: kerat/o)
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| melanin | A dark pigment that gives color to the hair and skin and protects the skin against the sun's radiation (root: melan/o)
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| nail | A plate-like keratinized outgrowth of the skin that covers the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanges (root: onych/o)
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| sebaceous gland | A gland that produces sebum; usually associated with a hair follicle (root: seb/o)
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| sebum | A fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands that lubricates the hair and skin (root: seb/o)
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| skin | The tissue that covers the body; the integument (roots: derm/o, dermat/o)
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| subcutaneous layer | The layer of tissue beneath the skin; also called hypodermis
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| sudoriferous gland | A sweat gland (root: hidr/o)
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| derm/o, dermat/o | skin
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| kerat/o | keratin, horny layer of the skin
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| melan/o | dark, black, melanin
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| hidr/o | sweat, perspiration
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| seb/o | sebum, sebaceous gland
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| trich/o | hair
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| onych/o | nail
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| bulla | raised, fluid-filled lesion larger than a vesicle (plural: bullae)
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| fissure | crack or break in the skin
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| macule | flat, colored spot
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| nodule | solid, raised lesion larger than a papule; often indicative of systemic disease
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| papule | small, circular, raised lesion at the surface of the skin
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| plaque | superficial, flat, or slightly raised differentiated patch more than 1 cm in diameter
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| pustule | raised lesion containing pus; often in a hair follicle or sweat pore
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| ulcer | lesion resulting from destruction of the skin and perhaps subcutaneous tissue
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| vesicle | small, fluid-filled, raised lesion; a blister or bleb
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| wheal | smooth, rounded, slightly raised area often associated with itching; seen in urticaria (hives), such as that resulting from allergy
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| atopic dermatitis | Hereditary, allergic, chronic skin inflammation with pruritus (itching); eczema
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| basal cell carcinoma | An epithelial tumor that rarely metastasizes and has a high cure rate with surgical removal
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| cicatrization | The process of scar formation; a scar is a cicatrix
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| debridement | Removal of dead or damaged tissue, as from a wound
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| dehiscence | Splitting or bursting, as when the layers of a wound separate
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| dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin, often associated with redness and itching; may be caused by allergy, irritants (contact dermatitis), or a variety of diseases
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| dermatology | Study of the skin and diseases of the skin
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| dermatome | Instrument for cutting thin skin sections for grafting
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| eczema | A general term for skin inflammation with redness, lesions, and itching; atopic dermatitis
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| erythema | Diffuse redness of the skin
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| escharotomy | Removal of scab tissue resulting from burns or other skin injuries; a scab or crust is an eschar
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| evisceration | Protrusion of internal organs (viscera) through an opening, as through a wound
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| exudate | Material, which may include fluid, cells, pus, or blood, that escapes from damaged tissue
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| Kaposi sarcoma | Cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues seen most often in patients with AIDS
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| keloid | A raised, thickened scar caused by tissue overgrowth during scar formation
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| lupus erythematosus (LE) | A chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of connective tissue that often involves the skin; types include the more widespread systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a discoid form (DLE) that involves only the skin
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| malignant melanoma | A metastasizing pigmented skin tumor
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| pemphigus | An autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by sudden, intermittent formation of bullae (blisters); may be fatal if untreated
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| pressure ulcer | An ulcer caused by pressure to an area of the body, as from a bed or chair; decubitus ulcer, bedsore, pressure sore
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| pruritus | Severe itching
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| psoriasis | A chronic hereditary dermatitis with red lesions covered by silvery scales
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| rule of nines | A method for estimating the extent of body surface area involved in a burn by assigning percentages in multiples of nine to various body regions
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| scleroderma | A chronic disease that is characterized by thickening and tightening of the skin and that often involves internal organs in a form called progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS)
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| squamous cell carcinoma | An epidermal cancer that may invade deeper tissues but tends not to metastasize
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| acne | An inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles usually associated with excess sebum secretion; acne vulgaris
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| actinic | Pertaining to the effects of radiant energy, such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, and x-rays
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| albinism | A hereditary lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
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| alopecia | Absence or loss of hair; baldness
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| Beau lines | White lines across the fingernails; usually a sign of systemic disease or injury
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| bromhidrosis | Sweat that has a foul odor because of bacterial decomposition; also spelled bromidrosis
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| carbuncle | A localized infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, usually caused by staphylococcus, and associated with pain and discharge of pus
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| comedo | A plug of sebum, often containing bacteria, in a hair follicle; a blackhead (plural: comedones)
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| dermatophytosis | Fungal infection of the skin, especially between the toes; athlete's foot (root phyt/o means "plant")
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| diaphoresis | Profuse sweating
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| dyskeratosis | Any abnormality in keratin formation in epithelial cells
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| ecchymosis | A collection of blood under the skin caused by leakage from small vessels
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| erysipelas | An acute infectious skin disease with localized redness and swelling and systemic symptoms
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| erythema nodosum | Inflammation of subcutaneous tissues resulting in tender, erythematous nodules; may be an abnormal immune response t a systemic disease, an infection, or a drug
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| exanthema | Any cutaneous eruption that accompanies a disease, such as measles; a rash
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| excoriation | Lesion caused by scratching or abrasion
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| folliculitis | Inflammation of a hair follicle
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| furuncle | A painful skin nodule caused by staphylococci that enter through a hair follicle; a boil
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| hemangioma | A benign tumor of blood vessels; in the skin, called birthmarks or port wine stains
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| herpes simplex | A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus; type I herpes simplex virus produces fluid-filled vesicles, usually on the lips, after fever, sun exposure, injury, or stress; type II infections usually involve the genital organs
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| hirsutism | Excessive growth of hair
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| icthyosis | A dry, scaly condition of the skin (from the root ichthy/o, meaning "fish")
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| impetigo | A bacterial skin infection with pustules that rupture and form crusts; most commonly seen in children, usually on the face
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| keratosis | Any skin condition marked by thickened or horny growth; seborrheic keratosis is a benign tumor, yellow or light brown in color, that appears in the elderly; actinic keratosis is caused by exposure to sunlight and may lead to squamous cell carcinoma
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| lichenification | Thickened marks caused by chronic rubbing, as seen in atopic dermatitis (a lichen is a flat, branching type of plant that grows on rocks and bark)
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| mycosis fungoides | A rare malignant disease that originates in the skin and involves the internal organs and lymph nodes; there are large, painful, ulcerating tumors
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| nevus | A defined discoloration of the skin; a congenital vascular skin tumor; a mole, birthmark
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| paronychia | Infection around a nail caused by bacteria or fungi; may affect multiple nails
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| pediculosis | Infestation with lice
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| petechiae | Flat, pinpoint, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within the skin or mucous membrane (singular: petechia)
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| photosensitization | Sensitization of the skin to light, usually from the action of drugs, plant products, or other substances
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| purpura | A condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin and other tissues
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| rosacea | A condition of unknown cause involving redness of the skin, pustules, and overactivity of sebaceous glands, mainly on the face
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| scabies | A highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite
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| senile lentigines | Brown macules that appear on sun-exposed skin in adults; liver spots
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| shingles | An acute eruption of vesicles along the path of a nerve; herpes zoster; caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox
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| tinea | A fungal skin infection; ringworm
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| tinea versicolor | Superficial chronic fungal infection that causes varied skin pigmentation
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| urticaria | A skin reaction marked by temporary, smooth, raised areas (wheals) associated with itching, hives; see also wheals
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| venous stasis ulcer | Ulcer caused by venous insufficiency and stasis of venous blood; usually forms near the ankle
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| verruca | An epidermal tumor; a wart
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| vitiligo | Patchy disappearance of pigment in the skin; leukoderma
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| xeroderma pigmentosum | A fatal hereditary disease that begin in childhood with skin discolorations and ulcers and muscle atrophy; there is increased sensitivity to the sun and increased susceptibility to cancer
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| aloe | A gel from leaves of the plant Aloe vera that is used in treatment of burns and minor skin irritations
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| antipruritic | Agent that prevents or relieves itching
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| cautery | Destruction of tissue by physical or chemical means; cauterization; also the instrument or chemical used for this purpose
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| dermabrasion | A plastic surgical procedure for removing scars or birthmarks by chemical or mechanical destruction of epidermal tissue
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| dermatoplasty | Transplantation of human skin; skin grafting
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| diascopy | Examination of skin lesions by pressing a glass plate against the skin
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| fulguration | Destruction of tissue by high-frequency electric sparks
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| skin turgor | Resistance of the skin to deformation; evidenced by the ability of the skin to return to position when pinched; skin turgor is a measure of the skin's elasticity and state of hydration
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| Wood lamp | An ultraviolet light used to diagnose fungal infections
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| BSA | Body surface area
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| DLE | Discoid lupus erythematosus
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| FTSG | Full-thickness skin graft
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| LE | Lupus erythematosus
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| PSS | Progressive systemic sclerosis
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| PUVA | Psoralen ultraviolet A
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| SCLE | Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
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| SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus
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| SPF | Sun protection factor
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| STSG | Split-thickness skin graft
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| UV | Ultraviolet
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| UVA | Ultraviolet A
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| UVB | Ultraviolet B
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| VAC | Vacuum-assisted closure
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