Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terminology
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| atrophy | shrinking of muscle size
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| crepitation/crepitus | grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones
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| exostosis | a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
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| flaccid | flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
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| hypertrophy | increase in the size of a muscle
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| hypotonia | reduced muscle tension
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myodynia | muscle pain
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| ostealgia | bone pain
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| osteodynia | bone pain
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| rigor or rigidity | stiffness; stiff muscle
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| spasm | drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
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| spastic | uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements (resembles spasm)
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| tetany | tension; prolonged continuous muscle contraction
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| tremor | shaking; rhythmic muscular movement
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| ankylosis | stiff joint condition
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joints charactized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion - there are more than 100 different types of arthritis
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| osteoarthritis; degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD) | most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight bearing joints (e.g. knee, hip) characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage
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| rheumatoid arthritis | most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) causing ankylosis and deformity
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| gouty arthritis | acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint (especially the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood)
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| bony necrosis; sequestrum | something laid aside; dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply (e.g., after a fracture)
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| bunion | swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
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| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa
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| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage
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| epiphysitis | inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone
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| fracture (Fx) | broken or cracked bone
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| closed fracture | broken bone with no open wound
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| open fracture | compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound
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| simple fracture | a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (e.g.; hairline Fx, stress Fx, or a crack)
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| complex fracture | a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
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| fracture line | line made by broken bone (e.g., oblique, spiral, or transverse)
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| comminuted fracture | broken in many little pieces
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| greenstick fracture | bending and incomplete break of a bone - most often seen in children
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| herniated disc or disk | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented interverebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root
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| myeloma | bone marrow tumor
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| myositis | inflammation of muscle
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| myoma | muscle tumor
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| leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor
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| leiomyosarcoma | malignant smooth muscle tumor
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| rhabdomyoma | skeletal muscle tumor
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| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant skeletal muscle tumor
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| muscular dystrophy | a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles (Duchenne's type is most common)
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| osteoma | bone tumor
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| osteosarcoma | malignant bone tumor
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| osteomalacia | disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
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| rickets | osteomalacia in children (causes bone deformity)
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| osteomyelitis | infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation
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| osteoporosis | condition of decreased bone density and increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture (porosis=passage)
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| porosis | passage
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| spinal curvatures - kyphosis | abnormal posterior curvature
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| spinal curvatures - lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature
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| spinal curvatures - scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature
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| spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
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| listhesis | slipping
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| spondylosis | stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae
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| sprain | injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture
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| subluxation | a partial dislocation
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| tendinitis/tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon
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