Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
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| cardiac catheterization (CC) | Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
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| electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | Graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
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| Holter monitor test | ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings
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| stress test | ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
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| nuclear | ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
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| cardiac enzyme studies | Blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB)
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| lipid panel | Series of tests (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
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| angiography | Radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
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| coronary | Angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
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| digital subtraction | Angiography in which 2 radiographic images are obtained, the 1st 1 w/out contrast material and the 2nd one after a contrast material has been injected, and then compared by a computer that digitally - the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles
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| aortography | Radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter
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| echocardiography (ECHO) | Noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart
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| Doppler ultrasound | Noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Noninvasive technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels
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| multiple-gated acquisition(MUGA) | Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves
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| phonocardiography phon/o: | Imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle
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| scintigraphy | Diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases
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| thallium study (resting) | Scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image
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| sclerotherapy | Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
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| venography | Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction
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| cardioversion | Procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
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| embolization embol: plug -izaton: process (of ) | Technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed tom occlude the blood vessel
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| angioplasty | Procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | Surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) per-: through | Dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
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| biopsy | Removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
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| arterial | Removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis
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| catheter ablation | Destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
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| commissurotomy | Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their “commissures” (points of touching)
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| atherectomy ather: fatty plaque | Removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
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| laser ablation | Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
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| ligation and stripping | Tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment
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| open heart surgery | Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
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| pericardiocentesis | Puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis
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| thrombolysis thromb/o: blood clot | Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
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| intravascular | Infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot
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| valvotomy | Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
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| venipuncture | Puncture of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy
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