Renal 1
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| The filter membrane is made up of three layers: | Podocytes, Basement membrane, and Capillary endothelial cells
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| The basement membrane has a further 3 layers: | Lamina rara interna, Lamina densa, and Lamina rara externa
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| What is reabsorbed at the: PCT? | Glucose, amino acids, water, Sodium, Chloride, Bicabonate
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| What is reabsorbed at the: LOH? | Water, Sodium, Chloride, Potassium
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| What is reabsorbed at the: DCT? | Bicarbonate, Calcium, Bicarbonate
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| What is reabsorbed at the: CD? | Water
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| What channels act on the: PCT? | Glucose/Na symporter, NaK ATPase
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| What channels act on the: LOH? | Na/K/Cl co-transporter, NaK ATPase
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| What is the difference between the thick and thin ascending limbs? | Thick: Active, Thin: Passive
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| What channels act on the: DCT? | NaK ATPase, porous to Ca, Ca/Na antiporter, NaCl co-transporter
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| What channels act on the: CD? | AQP2, NaK ATPase
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| Name the two cells of the CD and what they do | Alpha intercalated cells: Secrete H+
Beta intercalated cells: Secrete HCO3-
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| What is secondary active transport? | The use of the electro-chem gradient from the NaK ATPase
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| What does Vitamin D do? | Acts on PCT to absorb Ca2+
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| What does PTH do? | Binds to G protein, phosphorylation of Ca2+ channels, Increase uptake of Ca2+ in DCT, prevent reabsorption of phosphate in PCT
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| How does the counter current multiplier work? | Descending limb only permeable to water, while ascending loop actively pumps out sodium and chloride, making the interstitial fluid have a lower osmotic gradient that inside the tubule, thus water at the descending limb diffuses out easier
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| What is the counter current exchanger? | The vasa recta maintains medullary conc. gradient by absorbing solute in the ascending limb and water in the descending limb. It goes the opposite way of the fluid in the tubule
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| Where does the kidneys arise from? | Intermediate mesoderm
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| Name the 3 different stages of kidney development | Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros
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