Chapter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| anatomy | study of the the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts (Body parts)
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| physiology | study of the functions of living organisms and their parts (how the body works)
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| homeostasis | means staying the same! The balance the body tries to maintain by keeping the internal enviroment the same
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| cells | smallest "living" units of structure and function in our body
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| tissues | an organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function
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| organs | larger and more complex than tissues. An organ is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can together act as a unit to perform a special function
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| anatomical position | erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward.
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| supine | Remember "Supine on the spine" body is lying face upward
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| prone | body lying face down
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| scientific method | systematic approach to discovery
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| hypothesis | a resonable guess based on previous informal observations or tested eplanations
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| theory or law | a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
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| experimentation | the testing of a hypothesis
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| superior | toward the head, upper or above
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| inferior | toward the feet, lower or below
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| anterior | front or front of ( remember A before P)
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| posterior | in back of
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| Ventral | toward the belly also meaning front in place of anterior
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| dorsal | toward the back ( think dorsal fin of a shark is on the back)
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| medial | toward the midline of the body ( think medial, mid)
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| lateral | away from midline ( think Later, away from now)
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| proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts ( proximal = approximately = almost)
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| distal | away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part ( think distal, distance)
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| superficial | nearer body surface ( letters in superficial can spell surface)
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| deep | farther away from body surface
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| sagittal | lengthwise plane running from front to back. Divides the body into right and left sides
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| frontal | or coronal is a lengthwise plane running from side to side. it divides the body or any of its parts into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
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| transverse | horizonal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower
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| ventral cavity | 1 of 2 body cavities. Organ containing space in the anterior or front trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| dorsal cavity | (think dorsal fin on back) houses things in the back - cranial and spinal cavities
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| Thoracic Cavity | think chest area. Middle of is mediastinum. The rest is right and left pleural cavities
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| diaphragm | dome shaped and muscular. Most important for breathing. Separates the thoracic and the addominal cavities
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| upper abdominopelvic region | right and left hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region divides across the 9th rib cartlidges
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| middle abdominopelvic region | right and left lumbar and the umbilical region. Lies between 9th rib cartlidge and above the hip bone
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| lower abdominopelvic region | right and left iliac ( or inguinal)and hypogastric region
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| cranial cavity | space inside the skull that contains the brain. The cranial cavity is in the dorsal cavity
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| spinal cavity | contains the spinal cord. The spinal cavity is in the dorsal cavity.
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| axial | head, neck and torso or trunk of the body
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| appendicular | refers to upper and lower extremities ( think appendages)
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| abdominopelvic cavity | word to describe the single space containing the abdominal and pelvic organs
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| mediastinum cavity | midportion of the thoracic cavity. It contains trachea, heart and blood vessels
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| dissection | cutting technique used to separate body parts for study
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| effector | responding organ for example voluntary, involuntary muscles, the heart and glands
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| feedback loop | highly complex and integrated communication, control network,classified as negative or positive
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| negative feedback loop | most important and numerous homestatic control mechanisms. Causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to the intial stimulus
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| Positive feedback loop | causes the level of variable to be pushed futher in the direction of original deviation, causing an amplification of the original stimulus
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| atrophy | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy.
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