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Med Term zCH15 Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
show albumin, protein  
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calc/i   show
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show surgical puncture to remove fluid  
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show creatinine  
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show glucose, sugar  
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show the process of producing a picture or record  
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hemat/o   show
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show abdomen, abdominal wall  
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-otomy   show
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phleb/o   show
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radi/o   show
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show instrument for visual examination  
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show visual examination  
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show sound  
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-uria   show
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show evaluation or appraisal of the patient's condition. Used to reach diagnosis and in formulating a plan of care.  
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show 1st step in physical assessment, observing overall appearance, emotional affect, and ambulation.  
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overall appearance   show
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show observation: refers to patient's expression, tone of voice, mood, & emotions.  
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show the outward expression of emotion  
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show observation: the way the patient walks, including gait, any unsteadiness, or possible difficulty.  
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show 4 key indications that body systems are functioning. temperature, pulse, respiration, & blood pressure.  
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show vital signs stable  
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show 98.6 deg F or 37.0 deg C  
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fever   show
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temperature readings named for location in which they are taken:   show
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hyperthermia   show
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show abnormally low body temperature  
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show rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery that is caused by the beating of the heart. Pulse rate reflects # of times heart beats each minute & is recorded as bpm  
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show differs by age group. Adults: 60-100 bpm, newborn 100-160 bpm, athletes 40-60 bpm  
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show aka respiratory rate, RR; # of breaths per min. Single respiration is 1 inhalation & 1 exhalation. Normal adults: 12-20 min  
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blood pressure   show
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show measures force of blood against walls of arteries (measures BP). Digital does not require use of stethoscope  
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stethoscope   show
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systolic blood pressure   show
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show last beat heard  
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pain   show
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show patient is asked to describe his/ her level of pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain).  
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show comes on quickly, can be severe and lasts only a relatively short time. Cane be caused by disease, inflammation, or injury to the tissues. Goes away when treated  
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chronic pain   show
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show listening for sounds w/in the body & is usually performed through a stethoscope  
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respiratory sounds   show
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rales   show
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show coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat snoring. Usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways  
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stridor   show
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show listening through a stethoscope to sounds w/in the body  
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2 distinct sounds of heartbeat through stethoscope   show
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show 1 of 2 distinct heartbeat sounds, heard 1st, caused by tricuspid & mitral valves closing btw the atria & ventricles  
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dupp sound   show
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bruit   show
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thrill   show
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heart murmur   show
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show aka bowel sounds; normal noises made by intestines. Auscultation of abdomen performed to evaluate sounds & detect abnormalities.  
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Ex of what increased bowel sounds might mean   show
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show could indicate an ileus, which is the stopping of intestinal peristalsis  
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show an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, & location of certain body parts  
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show diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface w/ fingers  
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ophthalmoscope   show
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otoscope   show
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speculum   show
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show an instrument used to listen to sounds w/in the body  
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recumbent   show
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decubitus   show
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positions in which patient is face-up   show
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show prone, Sims', knee-chest  
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show aka supine position; patient is lying on back, face up. Used for exams & treatment of anterior surface of body & for x-rays  
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dorsal recumbent position   show
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show patient is lying on the back, face up, w/ feet & legs raised & supported in stirrups. Used for vaginal & rectal exams & during childbirth  
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show patient is lying on the abdomen face down. Arms may placed under head for comfort. Used for exam & treatment of back & buttocks  
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show patient is lying on the left side w/ right knee & thigh drawn up w/ left arm placed along the back. Used in exam & treatment of rectal area  
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show patient lying face down w;/ hips bent so that knees & chest rest on table. Used for rectal exams  
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stat   show
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show tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multi-channel laboratory testing equipment  
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phlebotomist   show
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show aka venipuncture; puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood.  
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arterial stick   show
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Arterial blood vs. venous blood   show
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show technique used when only a small amt of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test.  
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finger, heel, or earlobe stick   show
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complete blood cell count   show
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show aka sed rate; test based on the speed with which RBC's separate from plasma & fall to bottom of specialized test tube.  
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show presence of inflammation in the body  
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normal range for sed rate, adults under 50   show
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show <20-30mm/hr  
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show Hct; describes percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by RBC's. Used to diagnose abnormal states of hydration, polycythemia, and anemia.  
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hydration   show
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show excess RBC's  
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anemia   show
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platelet count   show
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thrombocytosis   show
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thrombocytopenia   show
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show RBC; determination of the # of erythrocytes in the blood. Depressed count can indicate anemia or an acute hemorrhage  
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show Hb; usually part of a complete blood count. Can be elevated or low levels  
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Elevated Hb levels indicate   show
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show lower than normal hemoglobin concentration due to anemia, recent hemorrhage, or fluid retention  
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show protein  
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white blood cell count   show
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white blood cell differential count   show
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show BMP or Profile 8; group of 8 specific blood tests that provide important info about current status of patient's kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, & calcium levels.  
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significant changes in basic metabolic panel   show
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show BUN; measures the amt of nitrogen in blood due to waste product area. Performed to obtain an indication of kidney function.  
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Urea   show
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crossmatch test   show
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agglutination   show
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C-reactive protein test   show
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show C-reactive protein, which is produced by the liver only in episodes of acute inflammation. Elevated level can indicate heart attack, coronary artery disease, or autoimmune disorder  
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show aka lipid profile; measures amts of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides in blood sample  
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prothrombin time   show
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show serious liver disease, bleeding disorders, blood-thinning medicines, or lack of vit K  
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show measures ability of the liver to take up, process, & secrete bilirubin into the bile. Test useful in determining whether patient has liver disease or a blocked bile duct.  
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show measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that can indicate abnormal thyroid activity.  
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arterial blood gas analysis   show
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show examination of the physical & chemical properties of urine to determine the presense of abnormal elemebts  
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routine urinalysis   show
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show plastic strip impregnated w/ chemicals that react w/ substances in the urine & change color when abnormalities are present  
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show specimen is performed when more detailed testing of the specimen is necessary, ex to identify casts.  
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casts   show
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average normal range of pH of urine   show
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abbreviation pH describes   show
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show indicates acid urine & is an indication of acidosis  
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acidosis   show
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alkalosis   show
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pH value above 7   show
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specific gravity of urine   show
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low specific gravity of urine   show
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high specific gravity of urine   show
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albuminuria   show
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show form of protein found in most body tissues  
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show presence of bacteria in urine  
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show presence of calcium in urine.  
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show can be diagnostic for hyperparathyroidism  
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Lower-than-normal levels of calciuria   show
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creatinuria   show
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creatinine   show
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drug-screening urine test   show
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glycosuria   show
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show presence of blood in urine. Can be caused by kidney stones, infection, kidney damage, or bladder cancer.  
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show presence of ketones in urine.  
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ketones   show
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show presence of an abnormal amt of protein in the urine. Usually sign of kidney disease  
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pyuria   show
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show cloudy or smoky appearance  
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urine culture & sensitivity tests   show
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show visual exam of interior of body cavity. Usually named for organs involved.  
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endoscopic surgery   show
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endoscope   show
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laparoscopy   show
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lapar/o   show
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why is laparoscope used   show
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centesis   show
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show surgical puncture of abdominal cavity to remove fluid  
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-centisis   show
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amniocentesis   show
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arthrocentesis   show
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cardiocentesis   show
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show puncture of the pericardial sac for purpose of removing fluid. Used to treat pericarditis  
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peri-   show
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show within  
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contrast medium   show
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radiopaque   show
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show the substance, such as air or nitrogen gas, allows x-rays to pass through & appears black or dark gray on resulting film  
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show injected into a vein to make the flow of blood through blood vessels & organs visible  
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show within  
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show x-ray; uses x-radiation passing through patient to expose film or create digital image that shows body in profile.  
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resulting film appearance in radiography   show
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show CT; uses x-radiation w/ computer assistance to produce multiple cross-sectional views of body.  
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resulting film appearance in computed tomography   show
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show MRI; uses combination of radio waves & strong magnetic field to produce images.  
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resulting film appearance in magnetic resonance imaging   show
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show creates image of hard-tissue internal structures by exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation.  
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show resulting film of conventional radiology  
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show x-radiation; beneficial in producing diagnostic images & in treating cancer, but exposure can be dangerous w/ cumulative effects.  
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invisible, has no odor, & cannot be felt   show
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show science of measuring radiation exposure  
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radiopaque hard tissues   show
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radiolucent soft tissues   show
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show physician who specializes in diagnosing & treating diseases & disorders w/ x-rays & other forms of radiant engery  
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interventional radiology   show
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radiographic positioning   show
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radiographic projection   show
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extraoral radiography   show
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show aka Panorex; shows all structures in both dental arches in a single film  
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intraoral radiography   show
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tomography   show
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show CT, computerized axial tomography CAT; uses thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of body  
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CT more effective than ? at imaging compact bone & preferred for head injuries or strokes   show
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contrast dye for CT scans   show
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show use of tomography in cancer treatment  
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magnetic resonance imaging   show
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MRI's used to   show
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MRI's are noninvasive means of examining   show
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show coronal, sagittal, or oblique planes & are created w/o use of x-radiation  
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show most common w/ most accurate pictures. Narrow, loud  
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show less confining than closed, more comfortable for some ppl. Lower field strength which limits use  
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show natural chemical element sometimes used for contrast in MRI for patient's allergic to iodine  
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magnetic resonance angiography   show
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show visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen.  
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luminous   show
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show recording of fluoroscopy images  
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cine-   show
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ultrasonography   show
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sonogram   show
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sonographer   show
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show evaluating fetal development; detecting presence of gallstones or blood clot; identifying tears in tendons, muscles or ligaments; confirming presence of a mass found on mammogram.  
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show use of sound waves to image the carotid artery to detect and obstruction that could cause an ischemic stroke  
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show ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures & motion of the heart.  
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resulting record of an echocardiography   show
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show performed in same way as an echocardiogram; measures speed & direction of blood flow w/in heart  
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fetal ultrasound   show
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show technique that uses specialized equipment to create photograph-like images of the developing child  
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show TEE; ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures. Performed from inside esphagus & b/c esophagus so close to heart, technique produces clearer images than those obtained w/ echocardiography  
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nuclear medicine   show
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radiopharmaceuticals   show
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show nuclear medicine used for treatment of cancer & thyroid disease  
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show specializes in preparation & administration or radiopharmaceuticals  
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nuclear imaging   show
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each radiopharmaceutical contains   show
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show gamma rays that are detected by a special camera attached to a computer. Used to generate an image showing the pattern of absorption that can be indicative of pathology  
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nuclear scan   show
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show nuclear scanning test that ID's new areas of bone growth or breakdown. Can evaluate damage to bones, detect cancer that has metastasized to bones, & monitor conditions that affect bones.  
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show a radionuclide tracer is injected into the bloodstream, & patient then waits while material travels through body tissues.  
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thyroid scan   show
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show size, shape, location, & relative activity of different parts of the thyroid gland  
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single photon emission computed tomography   show
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show the flow of blood through an organ  
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SPECT scanning used for   show
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positron emission tomography   show
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show to detect cancer & to examine the effects of cancer therapy  
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show used to determine blood flow to heart muscle. helps evaluate signs of coronary artery disease or to differentiate nonfunctional heart muscle from tissue that would benefit from angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery  
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show evaluate patients who have memory disorders of an undetermined cause, suspected or proven brain tumors, or seizure disorders not responsive to med therapy  
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show study of the nature, uses, & effects of drugs for medical purposes  
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show drug  
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pharmacist   show
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show before meals  
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ad lib   show
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show amount  
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bid   show
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show nothing by mouth  
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pc   show
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show by mouth  
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prn   show
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show every hour  
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qid   show
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Rx   show
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sig   show
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tid   show
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prescription drug   show
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over-the-counter drug   show
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show usually named for generic structure & not protected by brand name or trademark. Ex diazepam is generic name of drug frequently used as skeletal muscle relaxant, sedative, & anti-anxiety agent  
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show sold under name given by drug mfg, always spelled w/ capital letter, Ex Valium is brand name for diazepam  
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@   show
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show with  
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show list of prescription drugs covered by specific health care plan.  
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show PDR; most commonly used drug info guide that is updated annually  
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show compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on drug, alcohol, or other substance. Can also be habit or practice that cannot be stopped w/o causing severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions  
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show addictive prescription meds & illegal drugs whose mfg, possession, & use are regulated by government  
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tolerance   show
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show ADR, side effect; undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken  
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show patient's consistency & accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional.  
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regimen relating to compliance   show
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show result of drugs reacting w/ each other, often in ways that are unexpected or potentially harmful. Can occur when meds taken w/ herbal remedies or when more than 1 prescription taken @ a time  
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synergism   show
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idiosyncratic reaction   show
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palliative   show
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show treatment that focuses on alleviating pain & relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease  
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show result of medical treatment that yields the opposite of normally expected results  
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paradoxical   show
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placebo   show
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antipyretic   show
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show fever  
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anti-inflammatory   show
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show class of drugs that relieve pain w/o affecting consciousness. aspirin, acetaminophen, & ibuprofen  
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show such as aspirin, are sold OTC for mild to moderate pain. Prescription pain relievers sold through pharmacy are used for moderate to severe pain.  
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show such as morphine, Demerol, and codeine, avail by prescription only to relieve severe pain. Also have sedative (calming) effect & can cause physical dependence or addiction.  
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acetaminophen   show
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs   show
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OTC NSAIDS   show
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show nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine that is sold OTC under band names of Advil & Motrin. Med acts as analgesic & antipyretic  
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anticonvulsants/ antidepressants   show
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anticonvulsants   show
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show primarily administered to prevent or relieve depression  
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show applied topically to relieve pain due to conditions such as osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis. Primary active ingredient capsaicin  
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show chemical found in chili peppers, found in pain-relieving creams.  
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show TENS; method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses, as needed, to nerve endings through skin  
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cutane   show
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transcutaneous   show
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show describes vapors & gases taken in through nose or mouth & absorbed into bloodstream through lungs.  
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oral administration   show
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enteric coating   show
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rectal administration   show
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show med in a semisolid form that is introduced into rectum. Melts @ body temp & absorbed through surrounding tissue  
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sublingual administration   show
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highly vascular   show
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topical application   show
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transdermal   show
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show taken into the body or administered in manner other than through digestive tract. most common through hypodermic syringe  
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subcutaneous injection   show
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intradermal injection   show
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intramuscular injection   show
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intravenous injection   show
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show administered over period of time  
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show peripherally inserted central catheter; frequently used for a patient who will need IV therapy for more than 7 days  
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show bolus infusion; single, concentrated dose of a drug usually injected into a blood vessel over short period of time  
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show CAM; therapies used to supplement or replace allopathic medicine  
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show conventional, Western, medical practices & systems of health care  
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alternative medicines   show
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show general term for practices & systems of health care other than allopathic approaches used to supplement these treatments  
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integrative medicine   show
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show a treatment approach that takes into consideration the whole body & its environment, including the mind, body, & spirit  
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wellness   show
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show traditional Hindu system of medicine, emphasizing a holistic approach to preventive treatment through hygiene, exercise, herbal preparations, yoga, and treatment of illnesses w/ herbal medicines, physiotherapy, & diet  
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Traditional Chinese medicine   show
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kinesiology   show
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show alternative therapy that combines muscle monitoring w/ principles of Chinese medicine  
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naturopathy   show
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show involves use of substances created from plant or mineral products diluted a thousand-fold in water or alcohol. Body can stimulate its own healing response when right trigger given in minute doses, producing symptoms similar to disease being treated  
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3 categories of complementary medicine   show
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mind-body therapies   show
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show biofeedback, guided imagery, hypnosis, mindfulness meditation  
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biofeedback   show
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show visualization; type of treatment in which patient follows verbal prompts to envision specific, peaceful location in detail, distancing themselves from any pain or stress currently experiencing  
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hypnosis   show
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show focused on becoming aware of thoughts & emotions & their physiological responses, as well as accepting them & maintaining a calm, constant awareness  
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energy therapies   show
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show believed to be fundamental life energy responsible for health & vitality.  
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acupressure   show
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show traditional Chinese medical practice using very thin acupuncture needles inserted into specific points of body to restore flow of qi  
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show Chinese system of movement,breathing techniques, & meditation designed to improve & enhance flow of qi  
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Reiki   show
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show improve body function by physically manipulating or massaging body. Used for neck or back pain, relaxation, & increased range of motion  
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chiropractic manipulative therapy   show
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osteopathic manipulative therapy   show
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craniosacral therapy   show
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show specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ, & carpal tunnel syndrome  
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neuromuscular therapy   show
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trigger point   show
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show adverse drug reaction  
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bpm   show
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BP   show
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show blood urea nitrogen  
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CBC   show
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show computed tomography scan  
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endo   show
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show erythrocyte sedimentation rate  
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Hct   show
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MRI   show
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RBC   show
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RR   show
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TPR   show
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show white blood count  
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