Bones and Markings of the Facial Bones
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| Mandible | Commonly known as the lower jaw, largest strongest bone of the face, divided into body (forms chin) and 2 rami.
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| Mandibular Angle | Where each mandibular ramus meets the mandibular body.
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| Mandibular Notch | Located at the superior margin of each ramus, separates the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle.
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| Coronoid Process | "Crown-shaped" insertion point for the large temporalis muscle that elevates the lower jaw during chewing, located ant. to the mandibular notch.
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| Mandibular Condyle | Located post. to the mandibular notch, articulates w/ the mandibular fossa to form the tempromandibular joint.
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| Mandibular Body | Forms the chin, anchors the lower teeth.
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| Mandibular Alveolar Margin | Superior border of the mandibular body, contains sockets in which teeth are embedded.
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| Mandibular Symphysis | Midlin depression on the mandibular body that indicates where the 2 mandibular bones fused during infancy.
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| Mandibular Foramina | Located on the medial surface of each ramus, permit the nerves responsible for teeth sensation to pass to lower jaw.
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| Mental Foramina | Located on the lateral aspects of the mandibular body, allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the skin of the chin.
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| Maxillary Bones | Fused medially, form the upper jaw and central portion of the facial skeleton, keystone bone, all bones except mandible articulate with it.
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| Maxillary Alveolar Margin | Inferior border of the maxillary, anchor the upper teeth.
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| Anterior Nasal Spine | Pointed junction of the maxillae bones just inferior to the bones.
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| Palatine Process | Projection of the maxillae post. from the alveolar margin, fuses medially forming the ant. two-thirds of the hard palate.
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| Incisive Fossa | Located just post. to the upper teeth, serves passage of blood vessels and nerves.
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| Frontal Processes (Maxillary) | Extends superiorly to the frontal bone forming part fo the lateral bridge of the nose.
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| Maxillary Sinuses | Flank the nose cavity laterally, largest of the paranasal sinuses.
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| Inferior Orbital Fissure | Located deep within the orbit at the junction of the maxilla and sphenoid greater wing, allows passage of zygomatic nerve, maxillary nerve (branch of cranial V) and blood vessels.
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| Infraorbital Foramen | Just below the eye socket, allows the infraorbital nerve (continuation of maxillary) and artery to reach the face.
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| Zygomatic Bones | "Cheekbones", articulate w/ zygomatic processes of temporal bone (post.), frontal (superiorly), maxillae (ant.), also form part of inferolateral margin of the orbits.
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| Nasal Bones | Thin, rectangular, fused medially forming the bridge of the nose, articulate w/ frontal (superiorly), maxillary (laterally), perpidicular plate of ethmoid (post.), nose cartilage (inferiorly)
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| Lacrimal Bones | Delicate, fingernail shaped, contribute to medial wall of the orbit, contains the lacrimal fossa
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| Lacrimal Fossa | Deep groove on the lacrimal bone that contains the lacrimal sac, part of the passageway that drains tears from the eye to the nasal cavity.
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| Palatine Bones | L-shaped bones, fashioned from the horizontal and perpidicular plates, 3 important processes, pyramidal, sphenoidal, orbital
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| Vomer | Plow-shaped, lies within the nasal cavity where it forms part of the nasal septum.
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| Inferior Nasal Conchae | Thin, curved bones in the nasal cavity, largest of the 3 pairs of conchae.
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| Orbital Bones | Formed by frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid (7 total)
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| Orbits | Encase the eyes, muscles that move the eyes and lacrimal glands, eyes cushioned by fatty tissue.
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| Nasal Cavity Bones | Ethmoid cribiform plate (roof), superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid, perpindicular plate of palatine, inferior nasal conchae (lateral wall), palatine process of the maxilla, palatine bone (floor).
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| Nasal Septum | Divides the nasal cavity into right and left, bony portion formed by the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.
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| Septal Cartilage | Completes the nasal septum anteriorly
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| Paranasal Sinuses | Contained in the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones, lighten skull and enhance resonance of the voice
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